Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 27-38
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From page 27... ...
27 C H A P T E R 4 4.1 Electric Propulsion System Application The electric and hybrid-electric approaches of electric propulsion allow manufacturers to take on different operational use cases. The electric aircraft and electric propulsion technologies under development broadly apply to five primary aviation use cases: regional aviation, commuter aircraft, light air cargo operations, flight training, and personal use general aviation.
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From page 28... ...
28 Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies Flight Training Pilot training aircraft typically share three primary characteristics: cheap to acquire and operate, reliable, and easy to fly. These aircraft typically use piston engines, producing between 100 and 200 kW, and accommodate 1 to 3 passengers for roughly a couple of hours of flight time.
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From page 29... ...
Market Assessment 29 hybrid-electric propulsion systems in development and expected to enter the commercial market by 2029. Additionally, advances in battery charging technology, led by a significant build-out in the automotive industry, will lead to cost reductions on the order of $100 per kW.
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30 Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies design alterations, or safety events involving electric aircraft. And, as such, the first electric aircraft certification is not completed before 2025, delaying widespread certifications until 2027.
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From page 31... ...
Market Assessment 31 Number of Chargers The number of chargers necessary to support electric aircraft operations is expressed by an estimated number of chargers required per aircraft. This number is based on assumptions about the expected pace of operations, target charging times, and the density of operations.
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From page 32... ...
32 Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies The flight training use case represents $2.5 million on the baseline and $5.6 million on the upside. While requiring more chargers per aircraft than the general aviation use case, flight training operations charges have lower power requirements and therefore lower cost.
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From page 33... ...
Market Assessment 33 development and introduction of electric aircraft for commercial aviation requires a business case to support and drive operator investment. The rate of adoption for all five electric aircraft use cases hinges on reductions in the total cost of ownership over aircraft lifecycle and changes in federal incentives and public support for lower carbon emissions.
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From page 34... ...
34 Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies aviation emissions are projected to grow by 3 to 4 percent per year -- at a rate faster than population growth -- and as governments and technology drive down emissions from other sources, aviation could increase its share of global emissions by 300 to 700 percent by 2050. As a result, several influential international institutions and initiatives such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
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From page 35... ...
Market Assessment 35 range restrictions greatly limit aircraft utility and flexibility and would likely depress demand. Battery energy density will likely also be a factor in the design of hybrid-electric propulsion systems for the turboprop airliner use case.
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From page 36... ...
36 Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies energy densities improve, aircraft range and payload economics will be revised. It is widely accepted in the industry that 500 Wh/kg is the minimum energy density required to achieve commercially acceptable load and range characteristics.
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From page 37... ...
Market Assessment 37 Major Barrier: Deployment and Cost of Developing Electric and Hydrogen Infrastructure Supporting infrastructure is key to enabling electric aircraft operations in today's airport environment. Challenges to implementation of electric aircraft primarily center on meeting aircraft charging needs with appropriately powered battery charging systems and the supporting power infrastructure, as well as options for hydrogen supply for aircraft equipped with fuel cells.
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From page 38... ...
38 Preparing Your Airport for Electric Aircraft and Hydrogen Technologies will need facilities and equipment for transportation, storage, and charging of swapped battery packs. However, unlike commuters, these flights will operate out of larger and more highly trafficked regional and hub airports.
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