Developing a Systematic Approach for Determining Construction Contract Time (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 74-97
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From page 74... ...
74 Appendix A Influential Factors on PDE/CTD Forty-two influential factors on PDE/CTD were identified by reviewing the FHWA guidelines on CTD, NCHRP Synthesis reports, and CTD manuals of DOTs.
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75 Project Delivery Method There is a consensus among state DOTs that APDMs such as DB and CMGC can shorten the delivery duration of a highway project, including design and construction time, mainly because DB and CMGC allow the overlapping of design and construction activities. The value engineering option offered in DB projects allows contractors to propose better design or better execution approach that, based on the interview response from VDOT, may result in an earlier completion date than the contract time determined in-house by the department.
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76 Figure A-2. Effect of route types on production rates (Woldesenbet et al.
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77 Urgency of Completion For a project with a high level of urgency of completion, a need to accelerate the schedule may exist. To accelerate the project, extra crews and longer work days may be required, and application of A+B bidding and/or lane rentals may be needed (MnDOT 2005)
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78 the contract time estimate. The second type of delay is caused by "unusually adverse weather" that usually is not accounted for when setting contract time, but is acknowledged by granting of time extensions (Note: This type of delay does not apply if a no excuse bonus provision is utilized in the contract)
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79 • "Inhibit site access by making access roads impassable, • Inhibit site work by flooding excavations and low areas, • Increase the moisture content of soils so as to require additional compaction efforts, • Raise groundwater tables, • Cause erosion requiring regrading, and • Damage installed work." The temperature has a significant impact on production rates. By analyzing INDOT's highway construction data, Jiang and Wu (2007)
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80 Figure A-5. Effect of seasons on production rates (Woldesenbet et al.
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81 streams, a relevant environmental restriction will impose harsh working windows for the contractors and thus "really drives the schedule." In addition, if the project site has been verified as containing hazardous materials, then additional time needs to be given for proper excavation and disposal of hazardous materials (NJDOT 2013)
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82 Legal Issues MnDOT (2005) has listed local laws as one of the factors that is considered when determining the contract time of a highway project additional provisions might exist that necessitate additional time for the documentation and approval process.
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83 equipped with a GPS system, it can determine blade and bucket angles for precise excavation and embankment of earthwork (Hannon 2007)
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84 Two examples of how safety issues affect the contract time of highway project were identified from an interview with WSDOT. The first example concerned trees falling on a roadway, which required lane shutdown to finish the clearing work.
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85 In the context of bridge replacement, staged construction "is where bridge reconstruction is done in planned sequential stages, maintaining portions of the bridges in an operating condition for traffic while other portions are closed for replacement" (Bai and Burkett 2006)
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86 Coordination with Utilities and Relocation of Utilities for Construction Utility coordination may place a considerable amount of restrictions on the construction schedule. Regulations may govern when utility interruptions are allowed for the project.
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87 might be instances in which some utility owners may not be able to accommodate the project schedule if the schedule is too aggressive (RH & Associates Inc.
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88 ROW availability usually does not pose much of an issue for CTD of a DBB highway project since most state DOTs require that all necessary ROWs be secured and owned by the department prior to advertisement. Nonetheless, ROW availability becomes a major factor to consider during the CTD process when not all of the ROWs have been acquired by the agency prior to advertisement, which frequently happens in a DB highway project.
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89 Moreover, if the project corridor contains a historic cemetery, there is a high potential the project site will be subjected to some additional special requirements (KYTC 2017)
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90 Moreover, the contractor was not allowed to work overtime to recover any lost time, so the delay effect was compounded. The restriction on working times can also originate from environmental regulations.
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91 because there will be extensive deviations and alterations to the planned sequence of work. Therefore, depending on the type of overtime utilized, the contract time will need to be adjusted accordingly.
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92 Letting Time The time of year for letting is a factor that needs to be considered when determining contract time. Letting is the day on which price proposals are publicly opened and the apparent successful proposer is announced (GDOT 2018)
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93 Both WSDOT (2013a)
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94 of the permit and the relevant permit issuer, and therefore sufficient allocated time for the process is needed (MassDOT 2014)
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95 Moreover, careful consideration is required when selecting an appropriate production rate if the following conditions are present in a project (TxDOT 2020) : • Extremely small or extremely large work zones.
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96 needed for construction trucks to deliver material from the mixing plant to the construction site. Subsequent construction activities such as pacing and compaction are very likely to be affected by this slowed material delivery, thereby reducing total construction productivity.
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97 Budget and Contract Payment Concerns The way a highway project is funded may also impact the contract time. The start date or completion date of a project may need to be set to match the fiscal year or financial standing of the funding agency (WVDOT 2013)
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