Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks (2022) / Chapter Skim
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8 This chapter summarizes the results from the literature review for the following topics: • Federal reporting requirements for bridges. • Bridge management systems.
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Literature Review 9 Bridge Management Systems All state DOTs currently have a BMS (Markow and Hyman 2009)
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10 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks • Repairing joints, • Repairing concrete deck, • Placing overlays on deck (e.g., thin polymer epoxy, AC, concrete) , and • Repairing or replacing approach slabs (FHWA 2018)
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Literature Review 11 supported on the approach embankment. An approach slab may be present between the pavement and the bridge.
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12 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks • Poor fill material, • Loss of fill by erosion, and • Temperature cycles. The results from the same survey indicated the following items are associated with minimizing the bump: • Abutment and embankment on strong natural soil.
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Literature Review 13 Straightedge A straightedge consists of a metal beam. Smoothness specifications that are based on a straightedge indicate the maximum permissible deviation between the bottom of the straightedge and the top of the paved surface when the straightedge is placed on the paved surface.
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14 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks by the wheels at the ends. For example, the specification could say that the maximum permissible deviation at the center of the rolling straightedge from the top of the paved surface should be less than ⅛ in.
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Literature Review 15 The measurements obtained by a profilograph are used to compute a smoothness index called the PI. The measurements obtained by a profilograph can also be analyzed to detect bumps or dips that exceed a specified tolerance.
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16 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks displacement computed from the accelerometer data to determine the distance to the pavement surface relative to an inertial reference frame. The DMI consists of an encoder fitted to the rear wheel of the vehicle and keeps track of the distance with respect to a reference starting point.
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Literature Review 17 AASHTO has published three standards that address inertial profilers. These standards include the following: • M 328-14, Standard Specification for Inertial Profiler: This standard defines the attributes required for an inertial profiling system.
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18 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks Lightweight Inertial Profiler The term lightweight profiler is used to refer to a light utility vehicle that houses a profiling system. Figure 10 shows a photograph of a lightweight profiler.
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Literature Review 19 State DOTs collect data on their highway networks using an inertial profiler, and the MIRI computed from data are stored in their PMS. These data provide information about the roughness of the highway network and can be used to select pavement segments for rehabilitation.
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20 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks In Figure 11, this specification will mean the localized roughness between 105 and 130 ft. and between 148 and 160 ft.
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Literature Review 21 Bridge Roughness Studies Evaluation of Roughness of Bridges in Ohio Schleppi (2003) performed a study to investigate the roughness level of bridges in Ohio's Interstate system.
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22 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks At the annual meeting of the Road Profiler User Group in 2010, Schleppi (2010) presented the data from the Ohio DOT study described in Schleppi (2003)
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Literature Review 23 overlay in Virginia was 110 in./mi. This analysis showed that the MIRI of the bridges were considerably higher than pavements that were selected to receive an AC overlay.
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24 Practices for Ensuring the Smoothness of Concrete Bridge Decks it was between 101 and 137 in./mi., and for the fourth quartile it was between 137 and 200 in./mi. Based on the IRI values of the evaluated bridges, which were all reconstructed or rehabilitated recently, Rufino et al.
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Literature Review 25 Cost-effective bridge preservation activities are eligible for federal funding, but not routine maintenance activities. The FHWA has developed a bridge preservation guide that describes activities that can be performed to preserve a bridge.
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