Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Animal Species and Biodiversity Proceedings of a Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Session Three: Wild Animal Population Concerns
Session Three: Wild Animal Population Concerns
Pages 29-41
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From page 29... ...
Klein said this session's objectives were to consider the potential impacts on populations and communities beyond the level of the individual animal that can result from field activities; to recognize biosafety as multi-directional among animals, humans, and the environment; and to discuss the responsibilities and limitations of permitting agencies and IACUCs regarding oversight of potential impacts. She added that the speakers in this session will highlight the dynamic, complex, and often dangerous risks in wildlife research activities; the risk of introduction and spread of wildlife diseases by field researchers and impacts on biodiversity and species conservation; the importance of dialogue among the PI, the IACUC, and the OSH committees; and the need to develop standards of practice around biosecurity and biosafety and animal welfare.
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From page 30... ...
Particularly for venomous and wildlife animals, Parkinson added, there are a patchwork of federal and state laws, policies, and guidelines that must be followed, as well as local laws and ordinances pertaining to venomous snakes that researchers have to follow when carrying out wildlife work. A field safety program is essential for an IACUC and university setting, Parkinson said, and the same level of planning and discussion that goes into laboratory safety could be considered when planning fieldwork.
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From page 31... ...
Rabies Salmonellosis Toxoplasmosis Tularemia Typhus SOURCE: Adapted from Parkinson presentation. Turning to non-model animal use under laboratory conditions, Parkinson discussed the many differences in husbandry, housing, feeding, veterinary care, and occupational health and safety in fieldwork, which he said look different when bringing wildlife into the facility (ASIH 2004)
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From page 32... ...
. Pd is new to North America, where it is spreading rapidly through native bat populations (WNS Response Team 2019)
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From page 33... ...
State agencies make similar assessments when issuing wildlife permits and conducting work under their own management authorities or Animal Care and Use Committee permissions. Reichard said that the WNS-specific standards of practice, which were developed through the WNS National Plan, provide a baseline by which various partners can adopt WNS-specific measures for biosafety, and readily apply these standards in their research management plans.
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From page 34... ...
Even with these concerns, researchers knew important work on WNS was still needed. The WNS National Response Team partnership was well positioned to quickly adopt the best available precautionary measures to allow researchers to move forward with bat conservation work despite these uncertainties.
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From page 35... ...
Most IACUC policies and guidelines are not designed for use with wildlife and these pathogens, yet research is important to understand these challenges of emerging infectious diseases. Given the risks to researchers, study organisms, and their environments, Lips said, new policies will be needed that can ensure human safety, support wildlife research, and reduce environmental health risk related to emerging infectious diseases.
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From page 36... ...
the enhanced biosecurity employed for working on rare or endangered species or working in areas that are pathogen free. In these cases, researchers still follow the standard biosecurity protocols, and she added, they may decide to dedicate gear to a particular site.
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From page 37... ...
Vredenburg, professor at San Francisco State University, delivered a second part of the discussion on Animal Welfare Challenges in Research on Amphibian Disease Ecology: Impacts on Natural Systems, Biodiversity, and Biosafety presented by Lips. Vredenburg focused on discussing and understanding animal welfare challenges in research and education in wildlife and amphibian diseases and emerging infectious diseases that are increasingly common in wildlife.
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From page 38... ...
A paper Vredenburg published in Science reported areas in North America with the highest potential vulnerability to Bsal based on modeling (Yap et al.
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From page 39... ...
A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INHERENT ASPECTS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF WILDLIFE ANIMAL USE ACTIVITIES John A Bryan II, who works as a freelance wildlife veterinarian, provided a high-level overview of the focal points for his talk: the risk management obligations of animal welfare oversight bodies, the inherent risks of conducting animal use activities involving wildlife in their natural habitats on a macro and micro scale, and, finally, a path forward for how oversight bodies (IACUCs)
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From page 40... ...
His point was to keep risk factors to a minimum for humans, target species, and the environment. Turning to inherent risks on a micro scale, Bryan focused on smaller-scale, more specific risks and biosafety concerns: disease, trauma, euthanasia and carcass disposition, and exposures (e.g., chemicals, allergens, toxins, poisonous or venomous species)
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From page 41... ...
at the landscape level, Bryan added. Finally, Bryan discussed a path forward by providing a few tools that can be employed by animal oversight bodies to achieve an appropriate and a high level of competence and confidence reviewing and assessing wildlife use activities: Committee composition: Bryan said that it can be daunting to have wildlife AUPs on the agenda if the IACUC does not see them often.
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