Fundamental Research in High Energy Density Science (2023) / Chapter Skim
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5 International Aspects of High Energy Density Science
5 International Aspects of High Energy Density Science
Pages 85-98
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From page 85... ...
INTERNATIONAL HIGH ENERGY DENSITY SCIENCE LANDSCAPE Traditional HED science with high-energy lasers and pulsed-power Z-pinches is still led by the United States. The National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory remains the leader in laser energy at 1.8 MJ, and Sandia National Laboratories' Z-pinch is the most powerful, operating at currents of 26 MA.
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From page 86... ...
This intensity then gives a pressure of over 1020 Pa, which is more than 9 orders of magnitude larger than the pressure threshold of 100 GPa for HED science. With these extreme light pressures, new directions are being discovered for HED science in areas such as new matter and materials created by laser-induced, high-pressure extreme states; shock physics in plasmas; particle acceleration; labo ratory astrophysics with giant magnetic fields; and vacuum quantum optics.
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From page 87... ...
Except for projects at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the United States does not have a dedicated effort in this area and could risk missing on key advances beneficial to the field of HED science. FIGURE 5-1-1 European XFEL accelerator tunnel with yellow superconducting accelerator mod ules (left)
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From page 88... ...
Conclusion: The dominant position that the United States has held in HED sci ence is being eroded by the global growth in both high-intensity laser facilities and high-pressure research facilities outside the United States. Recommendation: To strengthen its global leadership in high energy density science and address future national needs, the NNSA should increase the promotion of forefront technology development, and in particular take the necessary steps to achieve ultra-high power laser capabilities on par with what is being developed around the world.
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From page 89... ...
Among the largest research institutes in high energy density science in the world, HPSTAR is reportedly modeled on the Carnegie Institution for Science (United States) and Max-Planck Institutes (Germany)
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From page 90... ...
HED facilities come from Europe; and, likewise, U.S. HED scientists utilize European facilities more than the Asian facili ties.
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From page 91... ...
After such visits, LAAAMP provides funding to assist researchers with sending experimental samples for further data acquisition. This utilization of advanced light sources via remote access can serve as a model for far more researchers gaining access to large HED science facilities than has been historically feasible.
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From page 92... ...
In principle, remote access provides a means of controlling access in ways that enhance information security as well as scientific productivity. Finding: International collaborations strengthen collaborations within the HED science workforce and enhance the utilization of HED facilities leading to breakthroughs.
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From page 93... ...
This level of international student participation also occurs in the university graduate programs held in conjunction with the HED facilities at Stanford University and University of Rochester. The United States has historically benefited greatly from the immigration of scientists from around the globe.
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From page 94... ...
In projects of national security import, such as the Manhattan Project, international contributors from Fermi to Bohr and Bethe played major roles. The United States has provided, and continues to provide, a welcoming culture for international students and mature researchers -- researchers who are committed to pursuing their research in an environment where research integrity is highly valued.
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From page 95... ...
• Maintaining and advancing international understanding and collabora tions. Just as the United States maintains informal diplomatic discussions and military-to-military engagements, scientist-to-scientist engagements offer a mechanism for building international understanding, confidence, and insight.
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From page 96... ...
Here the problem is that unclassified experiments, simula tions, or theories and models can in principle produce classified results. Perversely, the silence of the classified community in areas that are well understood by the scientific community risks calling undue attention to sensitive areas.
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From page 97... ...
The committee does not elaborate on the best solutions to these issues, but rather emphasizes the need for addressing them within research programs, institutions, and facilities supporting HED science. Ensuring the health of the research enterprise while simultaneously protect ing sensitive information requires a deft touch that engages the research culture, information systems, and researchers.
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From page 98... ...
Conclusion: There is a critical need to provide clear communication about the existing classification boundaries to minimize friction between the classified and unclassified communities and foster communication that is as broad as possible without compromising issues of national security. Leading Recommendation: To enhance career pathways for high energy density science research at NNSA facilities, the NNSA should (1)
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