Lifecycle BIM for Infrastructure: A Business Case for Project Delivery and Asset Management (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Chapter 2 - Literature Review
Chapter 2 - Literature Review
Pages 6-33
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From page 6... ...
To support these goals, the literature review includes a summary of the status of BIM adoption in infrastructure, along with various BIM use cases for infrastructure. Previous studies on BIM ROI are also presented, including an analysis of ROI studies from both infrastructure and the vertical building sector.
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From page 7... ...
In addition, the state of BIM adoption varies widely among agencies; while some agencies are using BIM technology for most of the project delivery process, others are adopting BIM only for a few use cases. State DOTs have widely used near real-time geospatial data within Geographic Information Systems (GISs)
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From page 8... ...
This level of detail for the level of BIM adoption is not always clearly presented, and it is important to consider that the data collected are survey data, with limited validation of the actual implementation levels. Drivers and Challenges to BIM Adoption The advancement of BIM in the construction industry is transforming the process of project delivery.
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. Despite many perceived benefits of using BIM technology, several studies have shown that the rates of adoption in the AEC industry still seem to vary greatly among stakeholders and the different phases of a project cycle.
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This IFC Roads project focused on defining a standard process (Figure 2-2) with identified information exchanges for road projects, and then defining the information exchange specifications.
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Source: Adapted from buildingSMART International. Figure 2-2. IFC Roads process with expanded section.
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In the project delivery core, BIM use cases include capture existing conditions, author design model, analyze engineering performance, coordinate design models, and review design models. The asset management core includes compile record model, maintain roads/ bridges, and inventory roads/bridges.
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2018. Figure 2-3. Partial table of BIM use cases in IFC Roads project specifications.
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. • Coordinate Design Models: using 3D coordination software to compile a federated model of design models for performing automated 3D collision detection to identify potential coordination issues, and performing a visual analysis to identify potential spatial design issues (Messner et al.
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Analysis of the literature shows that BIM adop tion can offer significant benefits for asset management in cost savings, staff time savings, ancillary organizational benefits, and benefits for end users. BIM benefits in asset management are summa rized in Table 2-2, Table 2-3, and Table 2-4.
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. Table 2-3. BIM staff time-savings benefits in asset management by owner.
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These benefits are due to efficient maintenance and construction processes, although no specific studies were identified in this area. Benefits in Project Delivery: Design and Construction The benefits of BIM adoption are apparent in project delivery, and more studies have focused on project delivery than on asset management.
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. Table 2-6. Project cost savings due to reduced field conflicts and improved visualization for planning.
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. Table 2-8. Project cost savings due to project delivery method cost savings, clear process definitions, and asset turnover efficiency.
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The particular characteristics of agencies and their level of experience with Table 2-9. Costs for lifecycle BIM investments in organizational and asset management. Human Direct Non-recurring Investments • New staffing requirements (McGraw- • Hardware and other technical Hill Construction 2014)
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. computer-based decision support will influence the returns realized on their investments (Spy Pond Partners et al.
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Case Study 1 Case Study 2 Case Study 3 Case Study 4 Project Scope $46 million, $12 million $111 million, $35 million, 484,000-square five-star mixed- LEED-certified, foot hotel and use hotel 110,000-square parking structure foot facility on Emory University campus Delivery Method CMAR CMAR CMAR CMAR Contract Type Guaranteed Guaranteed Guaranteed Guaranteed maximum price maximum price maximum price maximum price BIM Scope Design Planning, value Planning, Sustainability coordination, analysis construction analysis clash detection, documentation and work sequencing BIM Cost $90,000 (0.2% of $5,000 $1,440 N/A project budget) Cost Savings Over $200,000 $1,995,000 $15,000 N/A attributed to clash elimination Note: CMAR = Construction Manager at Risk; LEED = Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design; N/A = not applicable.
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Afterward, ROI was calculated based on savings from reduced direct costs and indirect costs, which was considered as 11.4 percent of direct costs. Using a probabilistic approach, the BIM ROI was calculated to be from 22 percent to 29 percent.
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They took five steps to measure BIM ROI. First, the waste in their workflow (without using BIM)
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. CPIx BIM Assessment Form CPIx BIM Assessment Form, developed by CPI Committee, is a self-assessment tool that offers a meaningful approach for company BIM representatives to assess the BIM competence and maturity of a project member.
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This relatively brief assessment tool could allow an organization to measure adoption within the ROI framework, although the tool would need to be modified for use within the transportation sector. Supply Chain BIM Capability Assessment Supply Chain BIM Capability Assessment was developed by Wates to assess organizations wanting to become a member of its supply chain for BIM projects (Wates n.d.)
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2019. Figure 2-5. Capability maturity model.
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The Organizational BIM Assessment tool was developed and released under a Creative Commons license that would allow for modifications to be made and freely distributed. Project Level In addition to measuring adoption at an organizational level, several assessment approaches have been adopted for quantifying the level of BIM integration at a project level (Kassem and Li 2020)
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. The tool is not mainly focused on infrastructure, so the research team did not cover much of this assessment tool in this BIM ROI framework.
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The success of this pilot led WisDOT to use BIM on a majority of Southeast Freeways megaprojects and major projects, as well as smaller projects less than $100 million. On the Zoo Interchange project, the team was able to start earlier and create a robust multidisciplinary BIM model, including all major disciplines used for design-construction review, clash detection, constructability staged models, 4D simulations, contractor bidding, AMG, e-construction, and reuse of BIM models available for as-builts.
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BIM tools used in this road use case example include Autodesk AutoCAD Civil 3D, Navisworks, and 12D Model and Bentley MXRoad. BIM uses in the pre-construction stage included engi neering analysis, QTO, clash detection, transportation management/traffic impact simulation to predict the volume, and saturation on the highway.
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Benefits of implementing BIM are summarized in this report, including benefits in asset management by owners (e.g., cost savings, staff time savings, and ancillary organizational benefits) , benefits for end users, and benefits in project delivery (e.g., project cost savings and ancillary project benefits)
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From page 33... ...
The owner can potentially gain the most from deciding to implement BIM in a project, and therefore, should be encouraged to implement it. In many countries, local governments are committing to BIM by requiring that all new public projects be completed using BIM at a specific level.
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