Confucius Institutes at U.S. Institutions of Higher Education Waiver Criteria for the Department of Defense (2023) / Chapter Skim
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2 Characteristics and Features of Confucius Institutes
2 Characteristics and Features of Confucius Institutes
Pages 17-26
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From page 17... ...
for Fiscal Year (FY) 2021, which called for the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to conduct this consensus study, defines the term "Confucius Institute" as a "cultural institute directly or indirectly funded by the Government of the People's Republic of China."1 Later legislation expanded the definition of CI to a "cultural institute established as a partnership between a United States institution of higher education and a Chinese institution of higher education to promote and teach Chinese language and culture that is funded, directly or indirectly, by the Government of the People's Republic of China."2 1 William M
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.3 The committee does not intend for this definition to capture Chinese language and culture partnerships funded through other nongovernmental funding channels, scientific and technological research partnerships and collaborations, or the Chinese Students and Scholars Association organization. CURRENT LANDSCAPE The committee identified 10 open CIs and 7 closing or paused CIs in the United States in March 2022 and is aware of 7 open CIs4 in the United States as of December 2022.5 Of the 7 open CIs, only 3 submitted data to the National Science Foundation's Higher Education Research and Development Survey (HERD)
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government. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, HERD survey Table 25 (NSF, 2021)
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public policy changes tended to be the most cited reason for closure, followed by a misalignment of the campus CI with institutional values or goals, and state or institutional budgetary reasons. The committee notes that further research is needed both to verify publicly stated reasons for closure and to understand how universities may have restructured or rebranded CI-like programs and partnerships going forward.
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. CIs in some of these nations, including Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Israel, and the UK, are encountering similar issues as those in the United States as their respective relationships with China deteriorate and as they further contemplate the academic freedom and national 11 See https://www.plu.edu/confucius-institute/agreements/.
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. This comes immediately after the September 2022 report released by the Henry Jackson Society, a trans-Atlantic, UK-based think tank, which presents the following series of recommendations regarding CIs in the UK: • The UK government should introduce legislation to remove CIs from UK universities; • There must be an immediate investigation regarding the legality of CIs' staff recruitment practices; • The UK government should add an amendment to the Higher Educa tion (Freedom of Speech)
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• The structure, operations, and management of CIs in the United States varies from institution to institution.
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. For example, Tufts University made changes to its original draft agreement with Hanban following discussions with the National Association of College and University Attorneys to ensure that its CI "complied with Tufts policies, including, without limitation, policies on academic freedom," adding that these revisions included provisions that the CI "be required to comply with Tufts policies and regulations, and that any violation of Tufts policies could result in termination by Tufts of the CI…" (Tufts, 2019)
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U.S. host institutions approached relationships with their respective Chinese partner institutions in a variety of ways.
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