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Confucius Institutes at U.S. Institutions of Higher Education Waiver Criteria for the Department of Defense (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Overview of DOD-Sponsored Fundamental Research
Pages 67-68

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From page 67...
... Carter in 2010,2 fundamental research is defined as "basic and applied research in science and engineering, the results of which ordinarily are published and shared broadly within the scientific community, as distinguished from proprietary research and from industrial development, design, production, and product utilization, the results of which ordinarily are restricted for proprietary or national security reasons." NSDD-189 further states that the "products of fundamental research are to remain unrestricted to the maximum extent possible. When control is necessary for national security reasons, classification is the only appropriate mechanism." Introducing the concept of controlled unclassified information (CUI)
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From page 68...
... The implementation guidance requires institutions with $50 million dollars or more in annual federal research expenditures to establish formal research security programs to include cybersecurity measures and controls, foreign travel security, and research security and export control training, among other components (Trump, 2021)
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