Children's Environmental Health Proceedings of a Workshop (2023) / Chapter Skim
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2 Informing Decision Making: Discussion of the Science and Critical Gaps
2 Informing Decision Making: Discussion of the Science and Critical Gaps
Pages 11-22
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From page 11... ...
The entire session was moderated by Mona Hanna-Attisha, Michigan State University and Hurley Children's Hospi tal Pediatric Public Health. WHY ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH STILL MATTERS1 Despite progress on children's environmental health issues, such as the improvements to child health and economic gains from policies that reduced lead exposure, a great deal of work remains to improve children's health, asserted Woodruff.
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From page 12... ...
. • It is challenging to assess exposures during critical developmental windows, especially for exposures that may have short half-lives; however, exposure assessments are needed to improve the understanding of exposures for preg nant women and children (Eskenazi)
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From page 13... ...
Thus FQPA provides an opportunity to upgrade adjustment factors, which other agencies have done. For example, the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has increased adjustment factors from 10 to 30 depending on age-specific differences in chemical metabolism between children and adults.
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From page 14... ...
A child born today will experience a greater lifetime exposure to extreme events than previous generations have. Using a cohort approach based on birth year, scientists estimate that children born in 2020 will experience a two- to sevenfold increase in extreme events, particularly heatwaves, compared with people born in 1960, under current climate policy pledges (Thiery et al., 2021)
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From page 15... ...
Public understanding of climate issues has improved over the last 20 years, with most of those improvements among those who grew up learning about climate change, a reflection of the benefit of education on children's environmental health, said Bernstein. Another important point is that most Americans support climate change solutions to protect public health and trust health professionals for climate change information (Speiser, 2021)
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From page 16... ...
Recently, Bernstein and colleagues have partnered with Peak Action, an organization that focuses on social media campaigns, to identify a group of 15 "climate creators" to watch.3 They range from people with Ph.D.s in climate science to intersectional race ethnicity activists. They reach many more people than a press release from an academic institution usually does and engage with younger and more diverse people.
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A recent systematic review found consistent evidence of an association between heat exposure and an increased likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes (Chersich et al., 2020)
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Heat may increase diarrhea and infectious diseases due to increasing exposure to pathogens, but the mechanism between heat and asthma may differ. Xu says his colleagues in Brisbane have also found an association between heat exposure and the risk of childhood pneumonia, diarrhea, and asthma.
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From page 19... ...
If there is a time to take actions to stop climate change and protect our children, that is now. PANEL DISCUSSION: CRITICAL GAPS THAT HOLD BACK PROGRESS IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH POLICY Hanna-Attisha allowed each panelist to reflect on the day's presentations.
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From page 20... ...
Pesticide exposure represents a snapshot in time, so fully capturing exposures and allowing an inference during critical windows would require 24-hour urine samples every day during pregnancy. This detailed level of exposure assessment is infeasible and cost prohibitive, as pesticide samples cost $100–150 per sample for just one chemical class.
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From page 21... ...
However, the California Office of Environmental Health and Hazard Assessment evaluated animal studies that specifically looked at the early life and adult periods within those studies. It observed a tenfold factor: in that early-life period, it varied from sometimes being less sensitive to a chemical to being a hundredfold or more sensitive.
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From page 22... ...
It also tried to use TSCA to address hazards posed by trichloroethylene exposure during fetal development and overcome the controversies from using data from animal toxicity studies to determine the critical endpoints. The EPA also fought a battle to push forward bans on chlorpyrifos, based on data from the children's center cohort studies mentioned by Miller.
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