Engaging Scientists to Prevent Harmful Exploitation of Advanced Data Analytics and Biological Data Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Engaging Scientists to Prevent Harmful Exploitation of Advanced Data Analytics and Biological Data: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Engaging Scientists to Prevent Harmful Exploitation of Advanced Data Analytics and Biological Data: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Participants applications of AI in biology and biometrics, pointing to explored real and perceived vulnerabilities associated key issues and questions raised by these technologies, with research involving advanced data analytics and and identifying some of the practices that can reduce the biological data, discussed the potential ways AI research associated security risks. Following these presentations, and applications could be exploited to cause harm, workshop participants divided into small groups for guided discussions.
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This proceedings highlights potential this endeavor and no chemicals were ever actually opportunities for action but they should not be viewed synthesized, the demonstration was a forewarning as consensus conclusions or recommendations of the to the field, especially as more generative AI and AINational Academies. driven platforms for molecule design are used with large datasets.3 EMERGING APPLICATIONS AND RISKS Workshop attendees examined emerging applications To prevent the misuse of generative AI for creating of AI and other advanced data analytics approaches chemical threats, Ekins and colleagues shared involving biological data in three main areas: life sciences suggestions for recognizing and disclosing potential research, biomedicine, and biometrics.
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Applying complex biological data sets could significantly advance these approaches to study and model ecosystems understanding of human health and disease through and environmental dynamics, including through improved predictive modeling of biological systems and genomic surveillance of the natural world, could help disease causality. This integration may help advance improve understanding and better inform approaches research in precision medicine, environmental health, to environmental remediation and climate change accelerated drug discovery, predictive diagnostic imaging, mitigation.
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The Lee suggested that key benefit of AI is that it can help increasing availability of biological data and leveraging make sense of large-scale biomedical data and determine of AI and advanced data analytics poses privacy and what single features contributes to a particular outcome. security risks for both individuals and systems with Explainable AI can make complex AI modeling more increased vulnerability to cyberattacks.
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images, into facial recognition systems.10 Ross noted that Such applications could help to improve population as facial and biometric technologies grow in accuracy health outcomes and mitigate future health threats; and their applications expand into new areas of people's reduce the burden on public health care resources; and daily lives, it is important to consider the opportunities, optimize supply chains, operations, and resources for limitations, and security risks associated with their use. high-need areas.
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technologies designed to protect individual identities include: controllable privacy, where only certain traits An area of research with promising applications which the user has consented can be extracted from data combines facial recognition technology with biological sets; homomorphic encryption, which is a type of data data, such as genomics, to assist in diagnosis of certain encryption; and using semi-adversarial networks to metabolic syndromes, rare genetic disorders, and facial manipulate facial images to preserve biometric utility but neuromuscular diseases FR can also be used to detect prevent extraction of additional attributes.15 early signs of medical conditions such as a stroke by analyzing voice patterns and facial movements. AI-based When asked about the extent to which AI technologies facial recognition can also be used to support public can be employed by unskilled users, Ross noted that health surveillance through digital contact tracing and these technologies are indeed becoming more accessible understanding population behavior.
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For instance, As these technologies find their way into more and popular home DNA test kits can advance genetic research more applications, several participants said it will be and offer personalized ancestry or health data, but they important to understand the populations of people also open new privacy and security risks with little for whom facial recognition is more or less accurate, transparency about these risks. AI in combination with address bias in training data, ensure informed consent, biological data could also aid in the creation of new and guard against government overreach.
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While traditional AI techniques can be suitable Security Risks and Approaches for providing useful insights and decision support, Kwok-Yan Lam discussed security risks involved in he said, explainable AI is stronger due to its ability to the application of AI to biological data and some of the uncover why a model predicts outcomes and enables approaches being used to address them in Singapore. better decision-making.
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inevitably cross international borders, it is important to Examples of Current and Needed Cybersecurity and Data Security Practices determine who creates these policies and how they are Participants discussed multiple data security measures implemented and enforced, especially in middle- and that currently exist including various data encryption low-income countries that have different resources and methods, data masking and anonymization tools, and risk exposures than wealthier countries. policies and systems that limits access to data and Further enhancement of data security likely involves information.
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It Many participants discussed resources to implement, is important for policies for data access, sharing, and incentivize, and sustain effective security practices. To storage to cover a wide range of security risks, including aid in the adoption of security practices and facilitate human rights violations.
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• In designing AI systems, it is important to incorporate security considerations throughout all stages of the research and development process. • While there are current cyber and data security practices, additional enhanced measures may be helpful to keep pace with the rapid developments enabled by the combined use of AI and biological data.
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