Assessing the 2020 Census Final Report (2023) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix A: Full List of Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendix A: Full List of Conclusions and Recommendations
Pages 383-402
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 383... ...
Conclusion INT-4.2: The ability of the Census Bureau to complete the 2020 Census amidst its difficult circumstances depended critically on early commitment in the preceding decade to a general design for the 2020 Census, premised on targeted development work in a tractable number of priority innovation areas: increased field automation, wider use of administrative records data in census processes, modernized address list development, and Internet response.
|
From page 384... ...
Recommendation INT-4.1: The Census Bureau should work on ways to make 2020 Census data quality metrics publicly avail able at small-domain spatiotemporal resolutions, unperturbed by disclosure avoidance, to bolster confidence in the published tabulations. The Census Bureau should also develop ways to enable qualified researchers to access a full range of data quality metrics and report their findings.
|
From page 385... ...
, and there was no evidence of age heaping associated with administrative records. Conclusion 3.2: Findings about age heaping raise concerns about the overall quality of data collected during 2020 Nonresponse Followup (NRFU)
|
From page 386... ...
Some groups saw increases in net overcounts, particularly non Hispanic White Alone people and Asian people, and other groups saw increases in net undercounts, particularly Black people, Hispanic people, and American Indians and Alaska Natives on reservations. • Increases in net undercounts in 2020 for groups such as Black and Hispanic people were driven by increases in omissions from the census (as measured by a lower match rate for people in the P sample to the E-sample in the PES)
|
From page 387... ...
Census Bureau should conduct research on: • The reasonableness of the assumption for incompleteness of Medicare enrollment in the high series, which produced coverage estimates that diverged greatly from the low and middle series for people ages 75 and older, through an appropriate match study; • The suitability of Medicare data for coverage evaluation of the entire population ages 65 and older as in the 2010 Census and for improving the census count of this age group in 2030; • The reasonableness of the methods for assigning Hispanic and non-Hispanic births for coverage estimates for chil dren and young adults, which produced wide differences between the low and high DA series in 2020; • Methods for narrowing estimates of net international migration, which affect estimates for Hispanic people and the total population; and • Methods for developing experimental subnational DA estimates, starting with young children. Recommendation 4.2: The U.S.
|
From page 388... ...
Census Bureau should pri oritize research on potential sources of coverage errors -- both undercounts and overcounts -- for geographic areas and popula tion groups, using additional methods besides further analysis of the Post-Enumeration Survey. To address omissions from the census, the Census Bureau should match 2020 Census records with the 2019–2021 American Community Survey and a wide variety of administrative records for census tracts -- perhaps sampling those with low self-response rates.
|
From page 389... ...
Recommendation 5.1: The U.S. Census Bureau should continue to research and refine the filters it applies to the Master Address File to derive functional operational extracts, with the intent to reduce the number of addresses cancelled during collection (i.e., flagged as deletes in Nonresponse Followup and other field operations)
|
From page 390... ...
Conclusion 6.2: With available return rate and operational data, it was impossible to fully evaluate the 2020 Census mailing and contact strategy beyond gross effects, such as somewhat earlier elevated levels of paper-questionnaire takeup in Internet Choice areas, and it was also impossible to disentangle effects of messaging, delivery, and response mode choices brought about by operations during the COVID 19 pandemic. Conclusion 6.3: Mode configurations varied substantially across geog raphy, and this variation was associated with social, economic, and housing characteristics.
|
From page 391... ...
Recommendation 6.2: The U.S. Census Bureau should engage in further research to more specifically identify social, eco nomic, and housing characteristics associated with less-than accurate forms of enumeration, and should also research related communication and operational strategies that would improve self-response and associated data accuracy for those population and housing segments associated with poorer-quality census data in 2020.
|
From page 392... ...
characteristics were more likely to be enumerated using modes that resulted in higher item nonresponse. The net result is that 2020 Census data on race, Hispanic origin, and age are less accurate in those census tracts than in those with higher proportions of higher SES characteristics.
|
From page 393... ...
Census Bureau should consider a major reduction in the use of proxy interviewing for enumeration, if not the elimination of proxy reporting in all but very limited circumstances. Work toward this goal should be predicated on the results of research that only the Census Bureau can conduct, reexamining and comparing proxy reports in the 2020 Census with the informa tion that would have been available from administrative records or third-party data resources.
|
From page 394... ...
Potential uses of administrative records include expanding enumeration of limited subsets of the 2030 Census population in the Nonresponse Followup workload, reducing proxy responses and whole-person imputations, and possibly redressing the long-standing net undercount of children ages 0–4. MEASUREMENT OF THE GROUP QUARTERS POPULATION Conclusion 9.1: The enumeration of nonhousehold group quarters (GQ)
|
From page 395... ...
• The 2020 Census exhibited larger coverage errors compared with 2010 for race and ethnic groups. There were increases in net overcounts for some groups, particularly non-Hispanic White Alone people and Asian people, and increases in net undercounts for other groups, particularly Black people, Hispanic people, and American Indians and Alaska Natives.
|
From page 396... ...
Census Bureau should con duct research to determine how the changes in format and processes that were made in the 2020 Census and in the American Community Survey beginning in 2020 affected the distributions of race and ethnicity. Such research should use qualitative, quantitative, and simulation methods to ascertain: how respondents viewed and used the 2010 and 2020 formats; trends in multirace reporting by age, sex, race, and ethnicity; how samples of 2020 respondents would have been categorized using the 2010 format, data capture, and coding; and the impli cations of differences in write-ins by response mode (e.g., more write-ins for internet responses)
|
From page 397... ...
IMPACT OF DISCLOSURE AVOIDANCE CHANGES ON 2020 CENSUS DATA PRODUCTS Conclusion 11.1: In an era of Big Data, linkage technology, and other aspects of today's computational and data environment, it is difficult for the decennial census to balance the need for accurate data for small areas and small population groups with an adequate
|
From page 398... ...
The decision to continue to deploy the new DAS in the face of serious implementation problems has resulted in marked delays in delivery of data products, with some variables and types of geographic units of questionable utility, and other variables and geographies not provided at all. In addition, it is not clear that the chosen privacy budgets for the various 2020 Census data products, with high values of the ϵ parameter that trade off accuracy with confidentiality protection, provide much actual protection.
|
From page 399... ...
Similarly, there has not been an actual demonstration of why more-than-minimal confidentiality protection is needed for substate operational quality metrics (e.g., self-return rates for census tracts and counties) or why it is not possible to provide as-collected population counts to local governments with a reasonable level of confidentiality protection for other data.
|
From page 400... ...
• Research on practical methods for users to account for noise injected into 2030 Census data by the selected confidentiality-protection techniques. • Research on the application of cost-benefit and risk-utility analysis for making tradeoffs between confidentiality pro tection and utility of census data products.
|
From page 401... ...
APPENDIX A 401 • Improve the quality of data in Nonresponse Followup, including reducing if not eliminating the use of low quality proxy reporting when there is an alternative available; • Reduce gaps in coverage and data quality associated with race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status; • Improve the quality of address listings and contact strate gies for all living quarters, including group quarters; and • Realign the balance between utility, timeliness, and confi dentiality protection in 2030 Census data products.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.