Recycled Plastics in Infrastructure: Current Practices, Understanding, and Opportunities (2023) / Chapter Skim
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19 Plastics and plastic-based products began to be mass produced during the 1960s and 1970s, when consumers desired plastics as replacements for traditional materials because they were inexpensive, versatile, lightweight, sanitary, and easy to manufacture into a variety of forms. The ensuing rapid growth in plastics production and plastic-based products has been extraordinary, surpassing most other man-made materials (IBISWorld 2022; Statista 2022a, 2022b)
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20 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE The U.S. plastics and plastic-based industry accounted for an estimated US$432 billion2 in shipments and more than 1 million jobs in 2019, according to the 2020 Size & Impact Report from the Plastics Industry Association (Goldsberry 2020)
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PLASTICS PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION, AND MARKETS 21 or copolymerization result in a variety of virgin plastics. These in turn are the basic raw materials used to make a plethora of familiar consumer and manufactured plastic products.
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22 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE the end product. The potential for repeated melting and re-forming makes thermoplastics amenable to recycling via re-manufacturing.
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PLASTICS PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION, AND MARKETS 23 Like the billiard ball example, other organic8 synthetic plastics were developed to replace natural materials because of their better properties and lower cost. Plastics were sometimes created to provide a whole new range of functions, such as those of films.
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24 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE can be 25 to 50 grams per 10 minutes. Mixing high (25 to 50 grams per 10 minutes)
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PLASTICS PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION, AND MARKETS 25 included on the list. Another ASTM standard, ASTM D7611, "Standard Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification," lists and defines the Resin Identification Code (RIC)
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26 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE taken as implying anything about recyclability, actual recycling, or recycled content. Recyclability depends on the mix of different types of resins and additives within a single plastic product, among other factors.
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PLASTICS PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION, AND MARKETS 29 packaged goods and do so inexpensively and conveniently for the consumer. For durable goods, plastics are strong, are tough, do not rot or rust, and are lightweight and inexpensive compared to alternatives (Grand View Research 2022)
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30 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE Chalmin, P
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PLASTICS PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION, AND MARKETS 31 Ragaert, K., Delva, L., and Van Geem, K
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