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From page 85... ... 85 The collection, processing, and reuse of plastics waste in the United States is driven significantly by federal, state, and local policy and regulation pertaining to solid waste management and/or recycling (NASEM 2022; Ravi et al. [see Appendix E] Read the entire page →
From page 86... ... 86 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE (HDPE) , low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Read the entire page →
From page 87... ... IMPACT OF POLICY AND REGULATION ON THE USE OF PLASTICS WASTE 87 BOX 5-1 USEPA 2021 National Recycling Strategy In November 2021, USEPA released the National Recycling Strategy (USEPA 2021a) , aimed at strengthening municipal solid waste recycling systems in the United States and advancing related goals of increasing equitable access to recycling services, reducing environmental impacts of recycling, stimulating economic development, and moving toward a more circular economy. Read the entire page →
From page 88... ... 88 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE States have used some common tools to implement policies and regulations to take on various parts of the challenge of collecting, processing, and reusing and remanufacturing plastics waste. Here we examine some of the tools being deployed to increase both the collection and supply of plastics waste and some of the tools used to increase demand for multiple-use plastics. Read the entire page →
From page 89... ... IMPACT OF POLICY AND REGULATION ON THE USE OF PLASTICS WASTE 89 EPR shifts the responsibility for managing products at the end of their useful life away from municipalities and local governments to the industries responsible for manufacturing the products. EPR and associated product take-back requirements increase collection of materials at product end of life, strengthen markets for recycled commodities, and reduce consumer confusion about recycling (Ravi et al. Read the entire page →
From page 90... ... 90 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE EPR can be extended to individual producers, or it can be accomplished across a partnership of companies. For example, California's Plastic Pollution Prevention and Packaging Producer Responsibility Act (SB 54) Read the entire page →
From page 91... ... IMPACT OF POLICY AND REGULATION ON THE USE OF PLASTICS WASTE 91 collection is significant; these systems account for 50 percent of all PET and 25 percent of all plastic collected in the United States. The container deposit collection systems divert revenue from municipal recycling systems (Dimino and Timpane 2022) Read the entire page →
From page 92... ... 92 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE POLICIES FOR INCREASING DEMAND FOR RECYCLED PLASTICS Minimum Post-Consumer Recycled Content Mandates Minimum content laws require producers to register with the state, pay fees, and report on progress to benchmarks established in the regulations. As discussed in Chapter 4, environmental and economic life-cycle assessments are effective tools to evaluate which value of minimum content goals or other policy paths provide greater benefits and lower costs. Read the entire page →
From page 93... ... IMPACT OF POLICY AND REGULATION ON THE USE OF PLASTICS WASTE 93 providing much of the bottle manufacturers' recycled HDPE. The law also resulted in increased value of baled plastics processed at MRFs and reduced the risk of investing in plastics recycling. Read the entire page →
From page 94... ... 94 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE Guideline Program, authorized by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. USEPA has designated 61 products in eight categories that can be manufactured with recovered materials. Read the entire page →
From page 95... ... IMPACT OF POLICY AND REGULATION ON THE USE OF PLASTICS WASTE 95 and 5 to 20 percent PCR content for trash can liners, rising in subsequent years. It has been estimated that the amount of available post-consumer recycled plastic, considering other competing uses such as PET fiber and HDPE pipe, will be enough for approximately 10 to 15 percent post-consumer content for PET and for HDPE. Read the entire page →
From page 96... ... 96 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE and establishment of the Plastic Source Reduction Working Group. Act 254 specifies several tasks for the Working Group: 1. Read the entire page →
From page 97... ... IMPACT OF POLICY AND REGULATION ON THE USE OF PLASTICS WASTE 97 created to achieve a circular economy for plastics by eliminating unnecessary plastic packaging, redesigning products for better reuse and recycling, and maintaining plastics in circulation. FINDINGS • The collection, processing, and reuse of plastics waste in the United States is driven significantly by federal, state, and local policy and regulations pertaining to solid waste management and/or recycling. Read the entire page →
From page 98... ... 98 RECYCLED PLASTICS IN INFRASTRUCTURE • The plastics collection, processing, and reuse/remanufacturing system in the United States has bottlenecks and components that are not functional, and market drivers do not exist to fix these problems. Policies are needed that provide a mechanism to consider the system holistically, assess inefficiencies, and address market failures. Read the entire page →
From page 99... ... IMPACT OF POLICY AND REGULATION ON THE USE OF PLASTICS WASTE 99 BusinessWire. Read the entire page →

From page 85...

... 85 The collection, processing, and reuse of plastics waste in the United States is driven significantly by federal, state, and local policy and regulation pertaining to solid waste management and/or recycling (NASEM 2022; Ravi et al. [see Appendix E]