Community-Driven Relocation Recommendations for the U.S. Gulf Coast Region and Beyond (2024) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 281-294
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From page 281... ...
LANDSCAPE OF POLICY, FUNDING, AND PLANNING 281 sections of this report, broken down by level (federal, state, regional, local) , cover funding, policy, and planning to different extents.
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282 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN RELOCATION have to navigate a complex maze centered mainly on funding buyouts of individual households while allowing for enough time and money to obtain replacement housing. Funding distributed through competitive grant applications is too often episodic and unpredictable, does not provide a stable base of resources for planning, is resource intensive for communities, and may unfairly privilege the communities and households with the best grant writers over those most in need (more in Chapter 10)
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LANDSCAPE OF POLICY, FUNDING, AND PLANNING 283 FIGURE 9-2 Sources of federal government support for relocation. NOTES: Municipality (Muni)
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284 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN RELOCATION Shen & Ristroph, 2020)
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LANDSCAPE OF POLICY, FUNDING, AND PLANNING 285 a disaster declaration. HMGP distributes an estimated percentage of federal disaster assistance, typically 15 percent of total federal disaster costs, to the applicant (state, tribal, and territorial governments, and the District of Columbia)
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286 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN RELOCATION FEMA's FMA10 is focused on flood hazards and does not require a prior disaster declaration. The program is authorized for reducing or eliminating the risk of repetitive flooding for buildings that are insured by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
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LANDSCAPE OF POLICY, FUNDING, AND PLANNING 287 Fund Program,15 received an initial sum of 500 million dollars over five years, authorized by Congress via the IIJA. FEMA has initiated the first notice of funding opportunity for these grants, and eligible entities are passing legislation and applying for monies with which to establish locally focused revolving loan funds.
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288 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN RELOCATION grants to areas recently impacted by qualifying disasters to carry out "activities to mitigate disaster risks and reduce future losses" (HUD, 2019, p.
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LANDSCAPE OF POLICY, FUNDING, AND PLANNING 289 even though they were not labeled as such. An appropriations bill that followed Hurricane Sandy allocated 16 billion dollars21 for HUD's Community Development Fund (the program in which CDBG sits)
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290 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN RELOCATION core missions.25 Authorized through the 1960 Flood Control Act (P.L.
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LANDSCAPE OF POLICY, FUNDING, AND PLANNING 291 Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
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292 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN RELOCATION recognized tribes in the Gulf states,33 so many Indigenous communities in need were not eligible to apply for these funds, and no tribe in the Gulf states has yet received funding (DOI, 2022b)
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LANDSCAPE OF POLICY, FUNDING, AND PLANNING 293 with Sustainability and Equity Discretionary Grant program.35 This is not a new source, but 1.5 billion dollars was allocated in the IIJA.36 The IIJA also created a new Rural Surface Transportation grant program, allocating 300 million dollars37 to "increase connectivity; to improve the safety and reliability of the movement of people and freight; and to generate regional economic growth and improving quality of life" (§11132, IIJA)
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294 COMMUNITY-DRIVEN RELOCATION services of USACE and the Bureau of Reclamation to assist in conducting relocations. As of October 2019, permanent relocations of businesses or residences had only been implemented by EPA at "33 of the more than 1,700 final and deleted sites on the Superfund National Priorities List" (EPA, 2019a, p.
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