Facial Recognition Technology Current Capabilities, Future Prospects, and Governance (2024) / Chapter Skim
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3 Use Cases
3 Use Cases
Pages 65-80
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From page 65... ...
Chapter 4 broadly considers equity, privacy, and civil liberties implications of these and other uses, and the conclusions and recommendations in Chapter 5 are informed by these use cases. The chapter is divided into sections describing broad categories of use.
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From page 66... ...
Public, commer cial, and private video footage is commonly accessible by law enforcement investiga tors, and some police departments have developed formal programs to access private cameras. PUBLIC SAFET Y FRT can potentially be used in high-traffic areas and during large gatherings, ranging from concerts or music festivals, parades, and sporting events, to social and political demonstrations, all of which are settings in which monitoring with FRT may be of inter est to law enforcement and national security agencies -- and which may in some cases raise civil liberties concerns.
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From page 67... ...
Increasingly, many major retail store chains are using facial recognition for security purposes.4 Both shoplifting and "smash and grab" incidents have led some retailers to elect to deploy the systems, although sometimes in a limited fashion. In most instances, stores that have been the victims of repeated incidents have deployed FRT systems to assist law enforcement and to deter criminals.
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From page 68... ...
Many casinos along the Las Vegas strip, and elsewhere in the United States, have implemented FRT to supplement security and monitor prohibited activity, allowing for real-time identification of individuals who were previously barred from gaming establish ments to be blocked or removed.6,7,8 Relatedly, individuals with a gambling addiction can choose to voluntarily enroll themselves in a database of known addicts; when individuals in this database show up to a casino and are identified using FRT, security personnel will similarly remove them from the casino. School security -- for example, identifying adults known to be dangerous (current use)
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From page 69... ...
: Law enforcement agencies share information on persons reported as missing. At major transportation hubs such as airports, train stations, and ports, cameras are used to capture images of travelers.
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Large gatherings, such as social or political demonstrations, and public parades or celebrations, pose unique challenges for law enforcement to ensure the safety and security of both bystanders and protestors exercising their First Amendment rights. The use of FRT presents law enforcement and national security agencies with enhanced capacity to be able to surveil large crowds and potentially detect persons previously identified as posing security risks.
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From page 71... ...
A series of city-owned cameras in public spaces capture images of passersby. By using FRT to compare these images with the images of individuals with outstanding warrants, law enforcement can identify the whereabouts of these individuals and arrest them pursuant to the warrant.
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From page 72... ...
34 Metropolitan Police United Kingdom, "Facial Recognition Technology: Live Facial Recognition," https://www. met.police.uk/advice/advice-and-information/fr/facial-recognition-technology, accessed November 17, 2023.
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From page 73... ...
To date, CBP reports that it has processed more than 300 million travelers using b iometric facial comparison technology and prevented more than 1,800 "impostors" (i.e., indi viduals using genuine travel documents that do not match their identity) from entry to the United States.39 Currently at 18 seaports across the United States, CBP has partnered with Carnival Cruise Line40 and Norwegian Cruise Line41 to implement facial biometrics 36 R.
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From page 74... ...
FRT has also been used for access control of residential properties. This includes allowing the operation of elevators,47 operating smart locks on the properties,48 and ability to arm or disarm security systems.49 42 Transportation Security Administration, n.d., "TSA PreCheck: Touchless Identity Solution," https://www.
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From page 75... ...
Closely related to access control, the use of FRT by companies for employee time and attendance purposes is becoming very popular among employers.53,54 Rather than clocking in and out of work using personal identity verification cards, personal identification numbers (PINs) , and so on, this system simply uses a facial scan to identify the employee.
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From page 76... ...
, as a method to deter fraud and prevent duplicate applications.59 Most states and cities no longer require fingerprint verification due to the excessive cost and the increased stigmatization for applicants.60 A recent report found that 22 labor agencies are using facial recognition for identity verification for unemployment insurance.61 In this case, the applicants are asked to provide a government photo ID, as well as a video or "live selfie" that is compared using FRT.62 Today, there is no evidence of biometrics, either facial recognition or fingerprint ing, being used for identity verification to obtain other public services, such as SNAP, Temporary Aid to Needy Families Program, WIC, Medicaid, or Child Care Assistance Program.
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From page 77... ...
If they are recognized, the kiosk greets them by name and initiates the check-in procedure. If not recognized, the kiosk asks for an identity document or flier number, then offers to opt the user in to future FRT, before continuing with check-in.64 In 2021, Delta was the first airline to introduce a digital identity program for TSA PreCheck members that offered "curb-to-gate" service at Detroit and then Atlanta airports.65 The use of FRT in air travel has been extended to such functions as bag drop, security, and boarding.66 With regard to COVID-19 pandemic protocols, FRTs have been deployed to improve social distancing procedures and increase the number of contactless interactions.
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From page 78... ...
Similar programs have been proposed at amusement parks in the United States but, as of the date of this report, none have been deployed. PERSONAL DEVICE ACCESS Facial recognition for use in security and access control for personal devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers, has become increasingly common, allow ing individuals to unlock their devices without having to type in their password.
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From page 79... ...
Hill and C Kilgannon, 2022, "Madison Square Garden Uses Facial Recognition to Ban Its Owner's Enemies," New York Times, updated January 3, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/nyregion/madison square-garden-facial-recognition.html.
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From page 80... ...
: A third party uses a hidden camera and FRT to identify individuals entering a psychiatric clinic or a substance abuse treatment center, and the information is used to harass or blackmail individuals seeking treatment at the facility. Concerns arise when surveillance FRT is used for private purposes to identify indi viduals who are present at a particular location.
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