Progress and Priorities in Ocean Drilling: In Search of Earth's Past and Future (2024) / Chapter Skim
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Since beginning operations in 1985, the JOIDES Resolution has collected 95 percent of the total core length for international scientific ocean drilling, with free and open access to samples and data from these cores available to the international Earth and ocean science community.
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The list of scientific ocean drilling–related achievements is extensive, represented in large part by the number of publications and, until recently, by the sustained support for drilling by the international Earth sciences community. Over roughly the last decade, the scientific ocean drilling program has operated within the funding phase branded as the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP-2)
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It should be noted that the scientific ocean drilling program has not conducted a formal evaluation of the scientific progress made and would benefit from developing and executing such an evaluation to assess progress and communicate the program's achievements and value. FUTURE SCIENTIFIC OCEAN DRILLING PRIORITIES Funding for scientific research is not unlimited; forward-looking prioritization is needed to guide investments in research, infrastructure, and workforce development.
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Ground Truthing Climate Change Advancing understanding of climate and ocean change drivers, feedbacks, and past tipping points -- coring the past, informing the future. Ground truthing climate change is deemed both vital and urgent because records recovered through scientific ocean drilling are important past analogs for modern and near-future challenges of rapid global warming, sea level rise, and widespread ocean acidification and deoxygenation.
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Collectively, these data inform predictive models of future change. Future Research: Additional scientific ocean drilling that prioritizes locations with limited records, such as the equatorial, midlatitude, and polar oceans and open ocean environments during past periods of extreme warmth, will allow paleobiologists to inform models of plankton ecosystem dynamics during past analog climate states (e.g., rapid warming)
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. Future Research: Scientific ocean drilling is necessary to address key unanswered questions about the subseafloor biosphere and to advance understanding of the limits to life, as well as the way biological communities interact and move within the subsurface biosphere and how they are distributed across space and time.
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TABLE S.1 Connecting Scientific Ocean Drilling Priorities to U.S. National Priorities and Prior Study Recommendations to NSF Prepublication Copy NOTES: DSOS = Decadal Survey of Ocean Sciences; DEIJ = diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice; NSF = National Science Foundation; SLR = sea level rise; STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
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TABLE S.2 Available Assets Obtained from Select Scientific Ocean Drilling Programs* to Advance Some Vital and Urgent Research Priorities Cores ~150 km of collected core from all drilling platforms are stored in each of three locations: Gulf Coast (United States)
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SOURCE: JOIDES Resolution Science Operator. A new approach to collaborative research has been proposed by the scientific ocean drilling community, with the first call for proposals for Legacy Asset Projects (LEAPs)
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CONCLUSION The rapid pace of climate change and related extreme events, sea level rise, changes in ocean currents and chemistry threatening ocean ecosystems, and devastating natural hazards such as earthquakes are among the greatest challenges facing society. By coring the past to inform the future, U.S.-based scientific ocean drilling research continues to have unique and essential roles in addressing these vital and urgent challenges.
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Evaluating R R G G G/NN NN R Marine Records are from all Required for deep- Required to infer Chemical fluxes Dependent on target Ecosystem world's ocean time biotic events timing and tempo of upward from the of interest Responses to environments ecological response seafloor to the ocean Climate and to environmental are indicators of and Ocean Change perturbations sustain deep life Monitoring and R R R/I R/I R I/R G Assessing Continental margin Deep seismogenic Dependent on target Dependent on target Very strong Perhaps could Dependent on target Geohazards and trenches, deep- zones, old records of of interest (yes to of interest requirement for replace continuous of interest water records of recurrence temporal earthquake time-dependent core recovery in volcanic ash, records, eruption hazards assessment certain cases midocean ridge records) , multiple relationships recovery not required Exploring the R R G/NN R I NN G/NN Subseafloor Organic matter supply Habitability in low- Depth and age (only)
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