The National Academies Press

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Advancing Public Health
Pages 25-27

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From page 25... ... .78 After inhaling PM2.5, the particles can enter the lungs, reach the bloodstream, and cause premature death or injury from heart or lung disease, aggravated asthma, irregular heartbeat, and difficulty breathing.79 As many as 85,000 to 200,000 premature deaths in the United States annually are attributable to PM2.5 from transportation and all other sources.80 Motor vehicle emissions combine with other sources of atmospheric pollutants and natural sources of dust and other matter to form PM2.5. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5 vary considerably across the country depending on wind, weather, local conditions, and nearby sources, but are typically highest in the most urbanized areas.81 Federal clean air standards have helped reduce concentrations of PM2.5 in the United States by 37 percent over the last two decades (see Figure 12) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... While there are many ways transportation affects public health negatively, certain forms of transportation can also generate positive health effects. Although the physiological mechanisms for improved health are not well understood, active travel, such as walking and cycling, is associated with important public health benefits,90 including reduced cardiovascular 26 \| critical issues in transportation for 2024 and beyond Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Low-income communities of color are disproportionately exposed to transportation emissions, noise, and traffic crashes, and disproportionately suffer adverse health and other consequences due to these exposures.95,96,97 PM2.5 from human activities, including motor vehicle emissions, also disproportionately harm people of color compared to their White peers,98,99 in part because people of color are more likely to live close to busy roads and highways.100 Both the costs and benefits of active transportation are inequitably distributed, with people of color experiencing more costs, including higher incidences of crashes when walking, and fewer benefits.101 Beyond the existing issues and disparities, the COVID-19 pandemic interacted with transportation and public health in multiple, complex ways. Transportation serves as a disease vector, and the industry struggled to understand how to minimize that role. Read the entire page →

From page 25...

... .78 After inhaling PM2.5, the particles can enter the lungs, reach the bloodstream, and cause premature death or injury from heart or lung disease, aggravated asthma, irregular heartbeat, and difficulty breathing.79 As many as 85,000 to 200,000 premature deaths in the United States annually are attributable to PM2.5 from transportation and all other sources.80 Motor vehicle emissions combine with other sources of atmospheric pollutants and natural sources of dust and other matter to form PM2.5. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5 vary considerably across the country depending on wind, weather, local conditions, and nearby sources, but are typically highest in the most urbanized areas.81 Federal clean air standards have helped reduce concentrations of PM2.5 in the United States by 37 percent over the last two decades (see Figure 12)

Read the entire page →

From page 26...

... While there are many ways transportation affects public health negatively, certain forms of transportation can also generate positive health effects. Although the physiological mechanisms for improved health are not well understood, active travel, such as walking and cycling, is associated with important public health benefits,90 including reduced cardiovascular 26 | critical issues in transportation for 2024 and beyond

Read the entire page →

From page 27...

... Low-income communities of color are disproportionately exposed to transportation emissions, noise, and traffic crashes, and disproportionately suffer adverse health and other consequences due to these exposures.95,96,97 PM2.5 from human activities, including motor vehicle emissions, also disproportionately harm people of color compared to their White peers,98,99 in part because people of color are more likely to live close to busy roads and highways.100 Both the costs and benefits of active transportation are inequitably distributed, with people of color experiencing more costs, including higher incidences of crashes when walking, and fewer benefits.101 Beyond the existing issues and disparities, the COVID-19 pandemic interacted with transportation and public health in multiple, complex ways. Transportation serves as a disease vector, and the industry struggled to understand how to minimize that role.

Read the entire page →

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Advancing Public Health Pages 25-27

Advancing Public Health
Pages 25-27