Reducing Hazardous Waste Generation An Evaluation and a Call for Action (1985) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: Hazardous Waste Management Methodologies
Appendix A: Hazardous Waste Management Methodologies
Pages 59-63
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Appendixes
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The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act describes treatment as (42 USC 6903) : Any method, technique, or process including neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any hazardous waste so as to neutralize such waste or so as to render such waste nonhazardous, safer for transport, amendable for recovery, amenable for storage, or reduced in volume.
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Table A.2 lists some generic classifications for these options. It is important to note that complete elimination of placement in the environment as an option for hazardous waste management TABLE A.1 Generic Treatment Technologies Physical/chemical Neutralization Hydrolysis Reduction Precipitation Evaporation Dechlor ination Oxidation Stripping Ion exchange Liquid ion exchange High-energy electron beam High-gradient magnetic separation Biological Activated sludge Aerated lagoons Anaerobic digestion Composting Enzyme treatment Trickling filter Rotating biological disc Thermal Rotary kiln Fluidized bed Molten salt Plasma arc Cement kiln Microwave plasma discharge Multiple hearth Pyrolysis Electrophoresis Freeze drying Freeze crystallization Chlorinalysis Catalysis Photolysis Electrolysis Dewatering Membrane technology Thickening Emulsion breaking Adsorption techniques Land treatment Solvent extraction Waste stabilization ponds Mutant bacteria Deep shaft aeration Fluidized bed bioreactor Powder-activated carbon Land treatment Municipal sewage treatment plants Liquid injection Vertical tube reactor Infrared furnace Co-incineration (industrial boilers)
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From page 63... ...
There will always be irreducible residuals created by many of the options in the first two tiers; therefore it is not feasible to prohibit all landfilling or use of other placement techniques. The committee has avoided the use of the term Ultimate disposal" for this category because some of the options actually are storage rather than disposal options.
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