Mount Rainier Active Cascade Volcano (1994) / Chapter Skim
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1 Executive Summary
1 Executive Summary
Pages 1-10
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From page 1... ...
This metropolitan area is the hightechnology industrial center of the Pacific Nornhwest and one of the commercial aircraft manufacturing centers of the United States. The rivers draining the volcano empty into Puget Sound, which has two major shipping ports, and into the Columbia River, a major shipping lane and home to approximately a million people in southwestern Washington and nor~western Oregon.
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From page 2... ...
Based on past activity, the most likely future eruptive event at Mount Rainier is the extrusion of a lava flow at the summit, possibly accompanied by tephra eruptions. Lwa flows would likely be restricted to valley floors within or a short distance outside of Mount Rainier National Park, where they would destroy roads, buildings, and over fixed installations.
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From page 3... ...
Geologic mapping of surficial deposits in Mount Rainier National Park has shown Mat numerous debris flows have entered the rivers draining the volcano over the past several thousand years. The largest known debris flow from Mount Rainier, the Osceola Mudflow, traveled down the White River drainage system a distance of approximately 110 km about 4,500 to 5,000 years ago and transported at least 3 km3 of rock debris, burying parts of the Puget Lowland that are now heavily populated.
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From page 4... ...
Studies of the Mount Rainier edifice are also needed to address the development of the volcano in order to predict its future behavior. Of particular importance are studies that address these topics: Be structure of the volcanic edifice and underlying crust; the history of edifice growth and failure; the geometry of hydrothermal and groundwater systems; and distributions of hydrothermally altered rocks.
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From page 5... ...
Petrological and geochemical studies of Tertiary and Quaternary (particularly Holocene) rocks should be undertaken to address the physical characteristics and evolution of the magma system through time, to help establish stratigraphic relations among eruptive products, and to provide the basis for reconstructing patterns of hydrothermal alteration.
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From page 6... ...
To this end, a network of sensors tied into the existing seismic network should be installed in the major drainages on the volcanic edifice to detect the formation and movement of lahars. Mitigation Communities in He region must seek ways to reduce or mitigate risk to life and property from volcanic hazards while maintaining the strong economic base that derives in part from Be desire of people to live, work, and play around the volcano.
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From page 7... ...
Scientists should work with educators and National Park Service staff to develop and distribute highimpact educational materials, to provide presentations at schools and public meetings, and to develop displays on volcanic hazards and emergency response for visitors to Mount Rainier National Park. Between responsible authorities and the public, to communicate timely and accurate information and warnings about volcanic hazards to He public.
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From page 8... ...
Several measures, including the following, should be considered for implementation in order to significantly reduce risk from volcanic hazards to people and property: analyses to identify regions and populations at risk; land use planning and economic incentives to discourage inappropriate use of high-risk areas; and engineering solutions to mitigate risks, where possible, from specific volcanic hazards. An important contribution of geoscientists in these efforts should be the identification of areas at risk through the development of hazard maps, which are spatial representations of risk from hazards such as lava flows and debris flows.
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From page 9... ...
Many of the research, monitoring, and mitigation activities described in this report will require access to Mount Rainier National Park and surrounding Forest Service and private lands for field work, sample collection, and installation and operation of scientific instruments and telemetry equipment. Much of this land is environmentally sensitive and is designated as wilderness area.
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From page 10... ...
Cooperation between researchers and Park Service and Forest Service staff is essential to the successful implementation of this project.
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