Biographical Memoirs Volume 63 (1994) / Chapter Skim
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10. Nathan Oram Kaplan
10. Nathan Oram Kaplan
Pages 246-291
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Kamen (a lifetime friend and colleague) with the cyclotron at the Radiation Laboratory, to study phosphate metabolism in rat liver.
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From page 248... ...
the Eli Lily Award in Biochemistry in 1953. Nate left Lipmann's laboratory in 1950 to become assistant professor of biochemistry at the University of Illinois Medical School in Chicago, primarily because Sidney Colow~ck, who had just left the Cori laboratory at Washington University in St.
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In 1957 Nate left Johns Hopkins University to become founding chairman of the Graduate Department of Biochemistry at Brandeis University. To establish the new department he, in association with Martin Kamen who joined him at Brandeis, hired about a dozen carefully selected young assistant professors and brought them to a campus where very little space was available for them for at least a year.
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He was drawn to the medical school environment by his earlier association with Fritz Lipmann at Massachusetts General Hospital and his collaboration with Abraham Goldin of the National Institutes of Health in cancer chemotherapy, which dated back to his years at Johns Hopkins in the 1950s. In the 1970s, he and Gordon Sato established a successful colony of athymic mice.
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In the late 1960s and 1970s, partly out of his enthusiasm to learn more about particular aspects of biochemical anthropology, many of his family vacation journeys with Goldie and their son degree encled up in remote places where he could observe, f~rsthancI, social practices that had evolvecl in response to biochemical defects in the food supply or in the human population itself. During his career, Nate Kaplan had enormous impact on the fielcl of biochemistry and profound influence on his many associates in this country and abroad.
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These results were published in 1943 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry; the article was Nate's first scientific publication. After Nate received his Ph.D., he went to work with Fritz Lipmann at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
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clonatecT a sum of money to start a center for the study of trace metals in biological systems at the Johns Hopkins University. T was an assistant professor in biology at the time, but for some reason, Dr.
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It is interesting that there are no letters on file concerning the qualifications of Nate, only a phone call from Fritz Lipmann en cl Mike Doudoroff. What a wonderful way to make an appointment; they were two of the best ~ ever made.
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This, of course, led to the eventual discovery that reduced FAD was the immediate electron donor for the reduction of molybdenum and subsequently the reduction of nitrate. So Nate was into trace metal metabolism!
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It turned out to be very stable and easy to purify, in contrast to the mammalalian DPNases. Following the discovery of Neurospora DPNase, Nate and Sid continued their work together on various aspects of this and other enzymes concerned with DEN, particularly the exchange reactions involving ADP ribosyl enzyme and various nicotinamide derivatives.
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Kaplan and Martin Kamen founded the Graduate Department of Biochemistry at Brandeis. Louis Rosenstiel, who hac!
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These members consistec! at this point of Mary Ellen Jones, Lawrence Levine, Larry Grossman, Morris Soodak, anc!
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In accomplishing all of this Nate Kaplan played a major role in establishing Brandeis as a hi~h-level research-oriented university in the sciences. It took several years for By action and example, he contributed in a major way to the buildup of the science faculty and facilities for all disciplines, so that the university is now recognizes!
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It wasn't easy to leave Brandeis where, together with Martin Kamen, he tract been instrumental in helping a young school get its feet on the ground. In leaving Brancleis he would be giving up the clay-by-clay personal interactions of a small institution for the milieu of a large university." In the mid-1960s, Nate vacilIatec3 between going to the San Francisco Medical Center or to La Jolla where a new campus and mectical school were being developed.
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a very successful athymic mouse colony. A small building was designed not only to house the athymic mouse colony, but also to provide facilities for tissue culture work with many human cancer cell lines.
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In the early years, it was Fritz Lipmann who had a major impact on Nate's scientific perception. Nate learned how to keep an eye out for the unexpected and not hesitate to change the goals of a research problem to accommodate a new situation.
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Franks had access to human patients through the clinic at the emergency room in Detroit City Hospital. They learned that severely comatose patients exhibited a lower serum inorganic phosphate that coincided with an increase in urinary phosphate.
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In collaboration with Sydney Colowick it was determined that cyanide was adding to NAD to yield an adduct which has UV adsorption in the same region as NADH. They characterized the NAD cyanide compound and found it to be a good method for measuring oxidized pyridine nucleotides.
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During these studies it was observed that NAD hydrolysis by the enzyme was not complete as measured by the cyanide reaction; however, when assayed enzymatically using alcohol clehyctrogenase all the reactive coenzyme was clestroyecI. This incticatecl a possibility that a molecule was present in the preparations that had the nicotinamide ribose linkage but was not subject to attack by NADase.
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From page 266... ...
This led Nate and Sid to study other pyridine compounds and conclude that many similar pyridines could undergo exchange reactions to form new derivatives of NAD. One of the more interesting reactions was the exchange of the isonicotinic acid hydrazide to form an isonicotinic acid hydrazide analog.
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This led, in collaboration with a number of workers, to the study of changes in lactate dehydrogenase during development in chickens. He began to investigate the type of LDH that occurred in the embryonic chick breast muscles ant!
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A connection was made to an observation that Markert had reported with regard to the fact that LDH was actually a tetramer. Their results supported the view that there were five forms of LDH consisting of the two parent types, occurring as H4 and M4, with three intermediate hybrid types, which migrated predictably inbetween H and M forms on polyacrylamide gels.
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It soon became apparent to Nate that the horseshoe crab was related to the spider species and not to the Tobster-crab group. It was very surprising to Nate that he wouIcl be able to classify an organism using enzymological techniques which agreed with the taxonomic classification.
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Sato had obtained several athymic mice and was planning studies on these animals. Since these mice lacked a thymus, human tumors were not rejected and tumor xenografts could be grown in the animals.
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He soon came to the conclusion that although the athymic mouse colony was important in a number of studies, they didn't seem to lend themselves to the treatment of human cancer. Nate was still working in the broad area of immobilized enzymes, athymic mice, and chemotherapeutic agents at the time of his death.
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) , Brandeis University 1983 Fogarty Scholar 1984 in Residence SOCIETIES American Association of University Professors American Chemical Society American Society of Biological Chemists American Society of Cell Biology American Society of Microbiology American Society for Cancer Research American Cancer Society American Institute of Nutrition Biophysical Society Biochemical Society Sigma Xi EDITORIAL ACTINIITIES Editor in Chief, Methods in Enzymology, 132 volumes Editorial Advisory Board: Molecular Pharmacology Biochemical Genetics Biochemical Medicine Chemico-Biol Interactions Bio-Organic Chemistry Journal of Insoluble Matrices Journal of Solid-Phase Biochemistry Analytical Biochemistry Journal of Applied Biochemistry
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Alton Jones Cell Science Center Member, Advisory Committee, Rockefeller Foundation Member, Advisory Committee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Member, Advisory Committee, University of Pennsylvania Member of Council, U.S. National Committee for the International Union of Biochemistry Honorary Editor, journal of Applied Biochemistry Honorary Editor, Bioorganic Chemistry Co-Chairman, Editorial Committee, Analytical Biochemistry Member, Investigational Review Committee of Scripps Memorial Hospital Adjunct Professor and Consultant to Mt.
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162:743-44. 1947 With Fritz Lipmann, G
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Comparison of diphosphopyridine nucleotide with its deaminated derivative in various enzyme systems.
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Ciotti. The isolation and properties of the isonicotinic acid hydrazide analogue of diphosphopyridine nucleotide.
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Pyridine precursors of mouse liver diphosphopyridine nucleotide.
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With Jan van Eys. The addition of sulfhydryl compounds to diphosphopyridine nucleotides and its analogues.
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Chemical properties of 3-substituted pyridine analogues of diphosphopyridine nucleotide.
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Heterogeneity of the lactic dehydrogenases of the newborn and adult rat heart as determined with coenzyme analogs. Biochim.
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Cahn. The comparative enzymology of lactic dehydrogenases.
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Fondy, Francis Stolzenbach, and Fred Castillo. The comparative enzymology of lactic dehydrogenases.
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Sarma. 220 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of oxidized and reduced pyridine dinucleotide.
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220 MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction between chicken M4 lactate dehydrogenase and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide.
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Long. Diphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked D-lactate dehydrogenases from the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus and the seaworm, Nereis Sirens.
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Arnold, tr. The structure and quantitation of catecholamines covalently bound to glass beads.
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Proton magnetic resonance study of the intramolecular association and conformation of the Alpha symbolJ and theta symbol] pyridine mononucleotides and nucleotides.
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Physical and chemical properties of lactate dehydrogenase in Homarus ameracanus.
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Studies of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase by analytical affinity chromatography on immobilized AMP analogs.
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Rice. Creatine kinase isozymes in human tumors.
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Demonstration of separate phosphotyrosyl- and phosphoseryl-histone phosphatase activities in the plasma membranes of a human astrocytoma.
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