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Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans Controlling Garbage and Plastic Wastes at Sea (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 335-337

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From page 335...
... Information on the entanglement of fish in marine debris is largely anecdotal at present. During the 1992 International Coastal Cleanup, volunteers reported approximately 20 cases of entanglement of fish and crustaceans in debris in just three hours.
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From page 336...
... Perhaps the most highly publicized example of plastic ingestion has been the consumption of plastic bags or sheeting by sea turtles that are thought to mistake these items for jellyfish, squid, and other prey. In the only comprehensive review of this subject, Balazs (1985' reported five species of sea turtles known to ingest plastics: green, loggerhead, leatherback, hawksbill, and Kemp's ridley.
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From page 337...
... Long-term effects of plastics ingestion may include physical deterioration due to malnutrition, decreased reproductive performance, and the inability to maintain energy requirements (Day et al., 1985~. Limited data are available concerning ingestion of plastic debris by marine mammals, although information from marine parks and zoos suggests that debris ingestion has the potential to be a direct cause of mortality (Walker and Coe, 1990~.
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Key Terms

  • marine debris
  • foamed plastic
  • plastic debris
  • marine mammals
  • plastic garbage

  • sea turtle
  • sea turtles
  • marine mammal
  • debris ingestion
  • sea lion

  • fishing nets
  • garbage bags
  • plastic ingestion


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