Fetal Research and Applications A Conference Summary (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Session I: Ethical and Legal Issues of Fetal Research: History and Background
Session I: Ethical and Legal Issues of Fetal Research: History and Background
Pages 10-14
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From page 10... ...
Beginning with the deliberations of the Peel Commission in the United Kingdom in 1972, and the United States National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects from 1973 to 1974, three distinct ethical positions arose: . Selectively higher research risks are permitted when abortion has been elected than when the fetus is wanted, based on the moral view of the pregnant woman as the primary decision maker in elective abortion, whose consent is required for research related to scientific and medical goals of benefit to society.
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From page 11... ...
The ability to transfer genes into fetal cells for therapeutic trials calls for new studies of the natural history of genetic diseases, including genetic causes of cancer. An Ethics Advisory Board to the Secretary of Health and Human Services should be restored to serve as an ongoing resource in an overall reevaluation of research ethics, beginning with fetal research.
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From page 12... ...
With regard to the fetus itself, federal regulations distinguish between therapeutic and nontherapeutic activities, but six states do not, thereby potentially prohibiting innovative therapies even to save the fetus's life. Research beneficial to the couple includes techniques for initiating pregnancy or for gathering information about the fetus.
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From page 13... ...
Of the 24 states with fetal research statutes, 12 either prohibit or seriously restrict general scientific research in utero and 18 prohibit it ex utero. In the focus on federal research policies and funding mechanisms it is often overlooked that the legality of research involving embryos and fetuses has fallen mainly under the domain of state laws.
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From page 14... ...
Repeated surveys have shown overwhelming public approval of organ transplantation. Yet, there are still no effective procedures for obtaining an adequate supply of organs, a problem that would be even more difficult for fetal tissue transplantation.
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