Isotopes for Medicine and the Life Sciences (1995) / Chapter Skim
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1 INTRODUCTION
1 INTRODUCTION
Pages 9-18
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From page 9... ...
Among such prevalent uses and applications of radioisotopes are, in smoke detectors; to detect flaws in steel sections used for bridge and jet airliner construction; to check the integrities of welds on pipes (such as the Alaska pipeline) , tanks, and structures such as jet engines; in equipment used to gauge thickness of paper and plastic; to control the density of mixtures as diverse as ice cream or concrete; to assess the degree of filling of cans and bottles in manufacturing lines; to sterilize contact lens cleaning solution, diapers, cosmetics, powders, ointments, medical instruments, and bandages; to scan luggage to detect explosives or weapons; and to detect lead in paint.
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From page 10... ...
. · Materials sciences · Radioisotope thickness gauges for steel plate or paper production - Computer chip production · Disease prevention and health promotion research (cancer, heart disease, obesity, osteoporosis, etc.)
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From page 11... ...
hospitals; thallium-201, the first practical agent used to determine the viability of heart muscle; positron emission tomography (PET) ; and the radiopharmaccutical 2-deoxy-2-ll8F]
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From page 12... ...
The medical use of radioisotopes offers a less invasive alternative to traditional means of diagnosis and treatment and can result in more effective patient management, substantial benefits to the patient, and significant savings to the health care system (Blaufax, 1993; Patton, 1993; Specker et al., 1987~. For example, radionuclide studies can identify metabolic and perfusion abnormalities that may occur prior to the development of anatomic abnormalities that would be detected by computed tomographic imaging or magnetic resonance imaging.
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From page 13... ...
clinicians and researchers about the continuing availability of enriched materials and radionuclides have increased sharply since 1989, when DOE departing from its previous policy of providing partial financial support, began operating its isotope program on a legislatively mandated full cost recovery basis (the Energy and Water Development Appropriations Act of 1990 [Public Law 101-10111. DOE prices have jumped, particularly for low-demand products still in the early stages of research and development, and aggressive competition from Canada in radioisotopes and from the former Soviet Union in stable isotopes and radioisotopes threatens to cut DOE out of the market altogether.
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From page 14... ...
Other reports indicated that the isotopes needed for key radiopharmaceuticals were sometimes unavailable for diagnostic studies and therapeutic procedures, and that scientists had been forced to abandon promising lines of research because the necessary isotopes were no longer available. The workshop participants urged the National Research Council to carry out a full study of isotope needs and availability.
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From page 15... ...
Useful in their own right for studies in both the physical and life sciences, enriched stable isotopes are also needed as targets for both reactor-produced and accelerator-produced radionuclides. The technology for producing or, more accurately, separating stable isotopes has been a spinoff of nuclear weapons manufacture and, until recently, a monopoly of DOE, both in maintaining current facilities (World War II vintage "calutrons," which use massive electromagnets to separate isotopes according to their masses)
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From page 16... ...
The report addresses these three classes of isotope production in turn, attempting in each case to sort out the issues of production of commercially viable products from those of research and development on future products. It also addresses related matters: research missions appropriate for a medical isotope facility, requirements for education and training in relation to isotope production facilities, and the possibilities for collaboration between industry and the national laboratories as a means of meeting future requirements and opportunities.
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From page 17... ...
Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Patton, D
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