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The Development of Medications for the Treatment of Opiate and Cocaine Addictions Issues for the Government and Private Sector (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Diagnostic Criteria for Psychoactive Substance Dependence
Pages 211-214

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From page 211...
... , taking the substance (e.g., chain smoking) , or recovering from its effects frequent intoxication or withdrawal symptoms when expected to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home (e.g., does not go to work because hung over, goes to school or work "high", intoxicated while taking care of his or her children)
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From page 212...
... Moderate: Symptoms or functional impairment between "mild" and "severe" Severe: Many symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis, and the symptoms markedly interfere with occupational functioning or with usual social activities or relationships with others.a In Partial Remission: During the past six months, some use of the substance and some symptoms of dependence In Full Remission: During the past six months, either no use of the substance, or use of the substance and no symptoms of dependence. Because of the availability of cigarettes and other nicotine-containing substances and the absence of a clinically significant nicotine intoxication syndrome, impairment in occupational or social functioning is not necessary for a rating of severe Nicotine Dependence.
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From page 213...
... Evidence of tolerance such that increased doses of the substance are required in order to achieve effects originally produced by lower doses. (Clear examples of this are found in alcohol and opiate dependent individuals who may take daily doses of the substance sufficient to incapacitate or kill non-tolerant users.)
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From page 214...
... This diagnostic requirement would exclude, for instance, surgical patients given opiate drugs for the relief of pain and who may show signs of an opiate withdrawal state when drugs are not given, but who have no desire to continue taking drugs. The dependence syndrome may be present for a specific substance (e.g., tobacco or diazepam)
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Key Terms

  • withdrawal symptoms
  • psychoactive substance
  • substance dependence
  • currently abstinent
  • american psychiatric

  • six months
  • social activities
  • psychiatric association
  • control substance
  • usual social

  • withdrawal state
  • past six
  • occupational functioning
  • lower doses
  • aversive treatment

  • specific withdrawal
  • opioid drugs
  • mood states
  • effects frequent
  • whatever drugs

  • physiological withdrawal
  • following fifth
  • family arguments
  • nicotine dependence
  • persistent desire

  • appropriate drinking
  • drink alcoholic
  • physical signs
  • continue taking
  • drinking behavior


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