Prudent Practices in the Laboratory Handling and Disposal of Chemicals (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries
Appendix B: Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries
Pages 235-414
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From page 235... ...
The preparation and use of Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries as described here are consistent with the Chemical Hygiene Plans required for every laboratory under the OSHA Laboratory Standard. Thus, the identification of substances that meet the OSHA criteria for "particularly hazardous substances" or "select carcinogens" should be facilitated by the use of these summaries.
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From page 236... ...
· Toxicity: The first paragraph of this section should discuss acute toxicity hazards using plain language. Symptoms of exposure by inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, and ingestion should be separately described, and the degree of hazard of the substance should be identified as "high," "moderate," or "low," as discussed in Chapter 3.
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From page 237... ...
237 Hydrazine Hydrobromic Acid and Hydrogen Bromide Hydrochloric Acid and Hydrogen Chloride Hydrogen Hydrogen Cyanide Hydrogen Fluoride and Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Hydrogen Sulfide Iodine Lead and Its Inorganic Compounds Lithium Aluminum Hydride Mercury Methanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Iodide Nickel Carbonyl Nitric Acid Nitrogen Dioxide Osmium Tetroxide Oxygen Ozone Palladium on Carbon Peracetic Acid (and Related Percarboxylic Acids) Perchloric Acid (and Inorganic Perchlorates)
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From page 238... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of acetaldehyde is low by inhalation and moderate by ingestion. Expo sure to acetaldehyde by inhalation is irritahng to the respiratory tract and mucous mem branes; this substance is a narcotic and can cause central nervous system depression.
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From page 239... ...
If acetaldehyde is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 240... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of acetic acid is low. The immediate toxic effects of acetic acid are due to its corrosive action and dehydration of tissues with which it comes in contact.
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From page 241... ...
If acetic acid is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 242... ...
750 ppm 1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3) Toxicity The acute toxicity of acetone is low.
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From page 243... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the acetone with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 244... ...
Toxicity Acetonitrile is slightly toxic by acute exposure through oral intake, skin contact, and inhalation. However, acetonitrile can be converted by the body to cyanide.
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From page 245... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. ~ the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the acetonitrile with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 246... ...
There is no evidence that acetylene is a human carcinogen or reproductive toxin. Flammability and Acetylene is a highly flammable gas and forms explosive mixtures with air over an Explosibility unusually wide range of concentrations (2 to 80%~.
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From page 247... ...
Acetylene may react violently with fluorine and other halogens (chlorine, bromine, iodines and forms explosive compounds on contact with nitric acid. Storage and Acetylene should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" Handling described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for dealing with extremely flammable substances (Chapter 5.F)
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From page 248... ...
Higher concentrations can cause immediate and/ or delayed lung injury including pulmonary edema and respiratory insufficiency; fatal reactions have occurred upon exposure to as little as 10 ppm. This substance is a powerful lacrimator, and eye contact with acrolein liquid or vapor can cause severe burns.
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From page 249... ...
If acrolein is inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once, since immediate or delayed respiratory injury may result. ~ the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the acrolein with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 250... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of acrylamide is moderate by ingestion or skin contact. Skin exposure leads to redness and peeling of the skin of the palms.
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From page 251... ...
Excess acrylam~de and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 252... ...
; moderate acute toxicity; highly flammable. Toxicity Acrylonitrile is classified as moderately toxic by acute exposure through oral intake, skin contact, and inhalation.
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From page 253... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the acrylonitrile with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 254... ...
Inhalation of aluminum bichloride dust, vapor, or its hydrolysis products can result in severe damage to the tissues of the respiratory tract and can lead to shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and headache; inhalation of large amounts may lead to respiratory tract spasms and pulmonary edema and can be fatal. Skin and eye contact with aluminum chloride can cause severe burns.
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From page 255... ...
Disposal Small excess amounts of aluminum chloride and waste material containing this substance should be cautiously added to a large stirred excess of water, neutralized, and filtered. The insoluble solids should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 256... ...
Skin contact with ammonia vapor, mists, and liquid can cause severe irritation and burns; contact with the liquid results ~n cryogen~c burns as well. Ingestion of liquid ammonia burns the tissues, causing severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and collapse and can be fatal.
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From page 257... ...
Storage and Anhydrous ammonia should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent prac Handling tices" described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the procedures for work with com pressed gases discussed in Chapter 5.H. All work with ammonia should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact.
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From page 258... ...
Eye contact with ammonia vapor is severely irritating, and exposure of the eyes to ammonium hydroxide can result in serious damage and may cause permanent eye injury and blind ness. Skin contact can result in severe irritation and bums; contact with the liquid results in cryogenic burns as well.
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From page 259... ...
Storage and Ammonium hydroxide should be handled In the laboratory using the "basic prudent Handling practices" described In Chapter 5.C. All work with this substance should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation, and splash goggles and impermeable gloves should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact.
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From page 260... ...
Odor Sweet, amine-like odor detectable at 0.6 to 10 ppm Vapor Density 3.2 (air = 1.0) Vapor Pressure 0.7 mmHg at 20 °C Flash Point 70 °C Autoignition 615 °C Temperature Toxicity Data LD50 oral (rat)
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From page 261... ...
Disposal Excess aniline and waste material containing this substance should be placed In a covered metal container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your ~nstitution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 262... ...
The acute toxicity of arsine by inhalation is extremely high. This substance is a powerful systemic tox~n with a strong affinity for the hemoglobin ~n the blood, caus~ng hemolysis.
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From page 263... ...
Reactivity and Ars~ne is a strong reducing agent and reacts violently with oxidizing agents such as Incompatibility fluorine, chlorine, nitric acid, and nitrogen bichloride. Storage and Because of its high acute toxicity, arcane should be handled using the "basic prudent Handling practices" of Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional practices for work with com pounds of high toxicity (Chapter 5.D)
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From page 264... ...
5 ppm (16 mg/m3) Major Hazards Highly flammable; chronic toxin affecting the blood-forming organs; OSHA "select carcin ogen.', Toxicity The acute toxicity of benzene is low.
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From page 265... ...
If benzene is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 266... ...
Boron trifluoride gas is extremely irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Inhalation of boron trifluoride can cause severe irritation and burning of the respiratory tract, difficulty breathing, and possibly respiratory failure and death.
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From page 267... ...
If this compound is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. Disposal ~ the event of accidental release of boron trifluoride gas, evacuate the area, and if the cause of the release is a leaking cylinder, remove the cylinder to a fume hood or open area if it is possible to do so safely.
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From page 268... ...
STEL (ACGIH) 0.3 ppm (2 mg/m3' Major Hazards Highly corrosive to skin and eyes; moderately toxic via inhalation; reacts violently with readily oxidized substances.
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From page 269... ...
and obtain medical attention immediately. If a significant amount of bromine is inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention Treat small spills of bromine with sodium thiosulfate and an inert absorbent, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 270... ...
Storage and fert-Butyl hydroperoxide should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent Handling practices" described In Chapter 5.C supplemented by the additional precautions for work with reactive and explosive substances (Chapter 5.G)
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From page 271... ...
Cleanup of anhydrous tert-butyl hydroperoxide and concentrated solutions requires special precautions and should be carried out by trained personnel working from behind a body shield. Excess tert-butyl hydroperoxide and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your nstitution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 272... ...
Storage and Butyllithium solutions should be handled In the laboratory using the "basic prudent Handling practices" described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by Me additional precautions for work with flammable (Chapter 5.F) and reactive (Chapter 5.G)
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From page 273... ...
If butyllithium solution is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of butyllithium solution are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 274... ...
Skin contact can also cause rash or skin irritation. Carbon disulfide is regarded as a substance with good warning properties.
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From page 275... ...
If carbon disulfide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this com pound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 276... ...
Y CHEMICAL SAFETY SUMMAI? Y: CARBON MONOXIDE Substance Carbon monoxide (Carbonic oxide, monoxide)
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From page 277... ...
Remove cylinder to a fume hood or remote area if it cannot be shut off. Disposal Excess carbon monoxide should be returned to the manufacturer, according to your nstitution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 278... ...
10 ppm (65 mg/m3) Major Hazards Low to moderate acute toxicity; harmful to the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system.
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From page 279... ...
If carbon tetrachloride is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 280... ...
Chlorine can be detected by its odor below He permissible limit; however, because of olfactory fatigue, odor may not always provide adequate warning of the presence of harmful concentrations of this substance. Chronic exposures in animals up to 2.5 ppm for 2 years caused effects only in the upper respiratory tract, primarily the nose.
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From page 281... ...
In case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for 15 men (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention.
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From page 282... ...
10 ppm (48 mg/m3) Major Hazards Low acute toxicity; skin and eye irritant.
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From page 283... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary In the event of a large spill or release In a confined area. Excess chloroform and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your ~nstitution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 284... ...
817 mg/kg Major Hazards OSHA "select carcinogen"; highly irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Toxicity The acute toxicity of Chloromethyl methyl ether is moderate to high.
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From page 285... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary In the event of a large spill or release In a confined area. Disposal Excess chloromethyl methyl ether and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your nstitution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 286... ...
Inhalation of chromate dust cat ~ r -- -- -- ~ or chromic acid mist can result in severe irritation of the nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and lungs arid may cause coughing, labored breathing, and swelling of the larynx. Eye contact with chromium trioxide and its solutions can cause severe burns and possible loss of vision.
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From page 287... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large spill of powder, particularly In a confined area. Excess chromium compounds and waste material containing these substances should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 288... ...
and obtain medical attention. If cyanogen (co~fi~ad ~~ ~cf~ p~d Me ~rmabon ~ Is LESS has been compiled by ~ committee of We Nabonal Research Cog Tom btera~re sources and ~a~rb1 Saga Data Meets Id ~ believed to be accurate as of July 1994.
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From page 289... ...
Excess cyanogen bromide and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institutions waste disposal guidelines. For more Formation on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 290... ...
0.2 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) Major Hazards Powerful allergen with high acute toxicity; extremely unstable; may explode on contact with alkali metals, calcium sulfate (Drierite)
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From page 291... ...
and obtain medical attention. If this compound is inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 292... ...
Toxicity Inhalation of diborane gas results In irritation of the respiratory tract and may result In headache, cough, nausea, difficulty In breathing, chills, fever, and weakness. The odor of diborane cannot be detected below the permissible exposure limit, so this substance is considered to have poor warning properties.
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From page 293... ...
Excess diborane and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 294... ...
Dichloromethane vapor concentrated in a conf~ned or poorly ventilated Explosibility area can be igrnted with a high-energy spark, flame, or high-~ntensity heat source. Reactivity and Reacts violently with alkali metals, aluminum, magnesium powder, potassium t-butoxide, Incompatibility nitrogen tetroxide, and strong oxidizing agents.
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From page 295... ...
If dichloromethane is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 296... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of diethyl ether is low. Inhalation of high concentrations can cause sedation, unconsciousness, and respiratory paralysis.
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From page 297... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary In the event of a large spill or release In a confined area. Disposal Excess diethyl ether and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 298... ...
Chronic exposure to n~trosam~nes can cause severe liver damage. Diethylnitrosam~ne is listed in IARC Group 2A ("probable human carcinogen")
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From page 299... ...
If diethylritrosamine is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If diethylnitrosam~ne is inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 300... ...
0.1 ppm (0.52 mg/m3) skin Major Hazards Liquid and vapor can cause severe burns to the sk~n, eyes, and respiratory tract; corrosive and moderately toxic by ingestion; probable human carcinogen (OSHA "select carcin ogen"~.
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From page 301... ...
If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the dimethyl sulfate with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 302... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of DMSO by all routes of exposure is very low. Inhalation of DMSO vapor can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, and at higher concentrations may cause vomiting, chills, headache, arid dizziness.
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From page 303... ...
If dimethyl sulfoxide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 304... ...
Major Hazards Low acute toxicity; readily absorbed through the sk~n. Toxicity The acute toxicity of DMF is low by inhalation, ~ngestion, and skin contact.
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From page 305... ...
Disposal Excess DMF and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 306... ...
—skin Major Hazards Highly flammable; forms sensitive peroxides on exposure to air that may explode on concentration by distillation or drying. Toxicity The acute toxicity of 1,4-dioxane is low.
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From page 307... ...
If dioxane is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 308... ...
1000 ppm (1900 mg/m3) Major Hazards Flammable liquid Toxicity The acute toxicity of ethanol is very low.
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From page 309... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. ~ the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the ethanol with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 310... ...
and obtain medical attention. If ethidium bromide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately.
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From page 311... ...
LCSS: ETHIDIUM BROMIDE /CONTINUED} Disposal 311 Excess ethidium bromide and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 312... ...
400 ppm (1440 mg/m3) Major Hazards Flammable liquid and vapor Toxic~ty The acute toxicity of ethyl acetate is low.
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From page 313... ...
If large amounts of this com pound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. ~ the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the ethyl acetate with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place ~ appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 314... ...
Toxicity Flammability and Explosibility Ethylene dibromide is moderately toxic by ir~halation, ~ngestion, and skirr contact and is a severe irritant of the sk~n, eyes, and mucous membranes. Symptoms of overexposure by inhalation may ~nclude depression of the central nervous system, respiratory tract irritation, and pulmonary edema.
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From page 315... ...
Excess EDB and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more Formation on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 316... ...
Toxiclty Ethylene oxide is a severe irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and exhibits moderate acute toxicity by all routes of exposure. Symptoms of overexposure by inhalation may be delayed and can ~nclude nausea, vomidng, headache, drowsiness, and difficulty breathinz.
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From page 317... ...
If ethylene oxide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 318... ...
If fluorides are ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of fluorides are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 319... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large spill or release in a confined area. Disposal Excess fluorides and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 320... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of fluorine is high. Even very low concentrations irritate the respiratory tract, and brief exposure to 50 ppm can be intolerable.
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From page 321... ...
In case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for 15 men (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention.
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From page 322... ...
Toxicity Formaldehyde is moderately toxic by skin contact and inhalation. Exposure to formalde hyde gas can cause irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, coughing, dry throat, tightening of the chest, headache, a sensation of pressure in the head, and palpitations of the heart.
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From page 323... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the formaldehyde with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place In an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 324... ...
Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for HMPA fires. Reactivity and Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
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From page 325... ...
If hexamethylphosphoramide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 326... ...
Flammability and Hexane is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 3) , and its vapor can travel a considerable Explosibility distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Hexane vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.1 to 7.5 % (by volume)
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From page 327... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the hexane with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 328... ...
Toxicity Hydraz~ne is extremely destructive to the tissues of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. Skin contact with the liquid can result in severe burns; hydraz~ne is readily absorbed throu~h the skin, lead~na to systemic effects, which mav ~ ~ .~ ' J ~nclude damage to the liver, kidney, nervous system, and red blood cells.
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From page 329... ...
If significant quantities of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. Disposal In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the hydrazine with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 330... ...
Major Hazards Highly corrosive; causes severe burns on eye and skin contact and upon inhalation of gas. Toxicity Hydrobromic acid and hydrogen bromide gas are highly corrosive substances that can cause severe burns upon contact with all body tissues.
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From page 331... ...
Otherwise, hydrobromic acid and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your ~nstitution's waste disposal guidelines. Excess hydrogen bromide In cylinders should be returned to the manufacturer.
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From page 332... ...
Major Hazards Highly corrosive; causes severe burns on eye and skin contact and upon inhalation of gas. Toxicity Hydrochloric acid and hydrogen chloride gas are highly corrosive substances that may cause severe burns upon contact with any body tissue.
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From page 333... ...
Otherwise, hydrochloric acid and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. Excess hydrogen chloride In cylinders should be returned to the manufacturer.
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From page 334... ...
Storage and Because of its flammable and gaseous nature, hydrogen should be handled using the Handling "basic prudent practices" of Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with flammable compounds (Chapter 5.F) and for work at high pressure (Chapter 5.H)
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From page 335... ...
Excess hydrogen gas present over reaction mixtures should be carefully vented to the atmosphere under conditions of good ventilation after all ignition sources have been removed. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 336... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of hydrogen cyanide is high, and exposure by inhalation, ingestion, or eye or skin contact can be rapidly fatal. Symptoms observed at low levels of exposure (e.g., inhalation of 18 to 36 ppm for several hours)
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From page 337... ...
If hydrogen cyanide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If HCN is inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 338... ...
HF burns pose unique dangers distinct from other acids such as HC1 and H2SO4: undissociated HF readily penetrates the skin, damaging underly ~ng tissue; fluoride ion can then cause destruction of soft tissues and decalcification of the bones. Hydrofluoric acid and HF vapor can cause severe burns to the eyes, which may lead to permanent damage and blindness.
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From page 339... ...
If HF is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If HF vapor is inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 340... ...
Hydrogen peroxide is moderately toxic by ingestion and slightly toxic by inhalation. This substance is not considered to have adequate warning properties.
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From page 341... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the hydrogen peroxide with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 342... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of hydrogen sulfide by inhalation is moderate. A 5-mile exposure to 800 ppm has resulted in death.
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From page 343... ...
In case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for 15 min (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention.
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From page 344... ...
Major Hazards Iodine vapor is highly toxic and is a severe irritant to the eyes and respiratory tract. Toxicity The acute toxicity of iodine by inhalation is high.
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From page 345... ...
If iodine is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 346... ...
160 mg/kg 0.05 mg/m3 0.03 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3 Major Hazards Chronic toxin affechng the kidneys and central and peripheral nervous systems; reproduc tive and developmental toxin. Toxicity The acute toxicity of lead and inorganic lead compounds is moderate to low.
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From page 347... ...
If lead or lead compounds are ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of such substances are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 348... ...
Storage and Lithium aluminum hydride should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent Handling practices" described in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work Continued on facing page) The information in this LCSS has been compiled by a committee of the National Research Council from literature sources and Material Safety Data Sheets and is believed to be accurate as of July 1994.
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From page 349... ...
and obtain medical attention. If lithium aluminum hydride is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately.
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From page 350... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of mercury varies sigruficantly with the route of exposure. Ingestion is largely without effects.
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From page 351... ...
Respiratory protection will be necessary in the event of a large spill, release in a confined area, or spill under conditions of higher than normal temperatures. Disposal Excess mercury should be collected for recycling, and waste material containing mercury should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 352... ...
250 ppm (328 mg/m3) Major Hazards Highly flammable liquid; low acute toxicity.
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From page 353... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the methanol with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place In an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 354... ...
300 ppm (885 mg/m3) Major Hazards Highly flammable The acute toxicity of methyl ethyl ketone is low.
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From page 355... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. 1h the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the methyl ethyl ketone with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 356... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of methyl iodide is moderate by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. This substance is readily absorbed through the skin and may cause systemic toxicity as a result.
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From page 357... ...
If methyl iodide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 358... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of nickel carbonyl by inhalation is high. Acute toxic effects occur in two stages, immediate and delayed.
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From page 359... ...
If large amounts of this com pound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the nickel carbonyl with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place in an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 360... ...
Contact with concentrated nitric acid stains the skin yellow and produces deep painful burns. Eye contact can cause severe burns and permanent damage.
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From page 361... ...
If nitric acid is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 362... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of nitrogen dioxide by inhalation is high. Inhalation may cause shortness of breath and pulmonary edema progress~g to respiratory illness, reduction ~n the blood's oxygen carrying capacity, chronic lung disorders and death; symptoms may be delayed for hours and may recur after several weeks.
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From page 363... ...
Excess nitrogen dioxide and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your ~nstitution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 364... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of osmium tetroxide is high, and it is a severe irritant of the eyes and respiratory tract. Exposure to osmium tetroxide vapor can damage the cornea of the eye.
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From page 365... ...
If osmium tetroxide is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 366... ...
Storage and Oxygen should be handled In the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described Handling in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the procedures for work with compressed gases found in Chapter 5.H. Accidents In the event of skin or eye contact with liquid oxygen, seek medical attention for cryogenic burns.
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From page 367... ...
For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume. The information in this LCSS has been compiled by a committee of the National Research Council from literature sources and Material Safety Data Sheets and is believed to be accurate as of July 1994.
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From page 368... ...
Reacts violently with many oxidizable organ~c and inorganic substances; may form shock-sensitive and highly explosive reaction products. Toxicity Ozone is a highly toxic gas that is extremely irritating to the eyes, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract.
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From page 369... ...
In the event of eye contact, promptly wash eyes with copious amounts of water for 15 min (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention.
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From page 370... ...
Addition of catalyst to a tetrahydroborate solution may cause ignition of liberated hydrogen. Storage and Because of its high potential for ignition, palladium on carbon should be handled using Handling the "basic prudent practices" of Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with reactive and explosive chemicals (Chapter 5.G)
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From page 371... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large release In a confined area. Excess palladium on carbon and waste material containing this substance should be covered in water, placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 372... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of Peracetic acid is low. However, peracids are extremely irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
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From page 373... ...
Excess peracetic acid and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. Peracids may be incompatible with other flammable mixed chemical waste; for example, shock-sensitive peroxides can be generated by reaction with some ethers such as THE arid diethyl ether.
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From page 374... ...
Toxicity Perchloric acid is a highly corrosive substance that causes severe burns on contact with the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. The acute toxicity of Perchloric acid is moderate.
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From page 375... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary In the event of a large spill or release In a confined area. Disposal Excess perchloric acid and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your ~nstitution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 376... ...
Exposure to phenol vapor can cause severe irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and respiratory tract. Acute overexposure by any route may lead to nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and coma.
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From page 377... ...
If phenol is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 378... ...
Incompatibility Storage and Because of its corrosivity and high acute toxicity, Phosgene should be handled using the Handling "basic prudent practices" of Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with compounds of high toxicity (Chapter 5.D)
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From page 379... ...
Full respiratory protection and protective clothing will be necessary in the event of a spill or release In a confined area. Excess phosgene and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 380... ...
Toxicity White phosphorus is a highly toxic substance by all routes of exposure. Contact of the solid with the skin produces deep painful burns, and eye contact can cause severe damage.
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From page 381... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a spill or release in a confined area. Excess phosphorus and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your irlstitution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 382... ...
Storage and Potassium should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" Handling described In Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with flammable (Chapter 5.F) and reactive (Chapter 5.G)
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From page 383... ...
If potassium is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, quench the resulting potassium fire with a dry chemical extinguishing medium, sweep up, place in an appropriate container under an inert atmosphere, and dispose of properly.
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From page 384... ...
Reacts violently with water Autoignition Ignites spontaneously at room temperature In moist air Temperature Major Hazards Reacts violently with water, liberating highly flammable hydrogen gas; causes severe burns on eye or skin contact. Toxicity Sodium hydride and potassium hydride react with the moisture on skin and other tissues to form highly corrosive sodium and potassium hydroxide.
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From page 385... ...
If potassium hydride or sodium hydride is ingested, obtain medical attention Immediately. If sodium hydride dust is inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 386... ...
Flammability and Pyrid~ne is a highly flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3) , and its vapor can travel a Explosibility considerable distance and "flash back." Pyridine vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 1.8 to 12.4% (by volume)
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From page 387... ...
If pyridine is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 388... ...
Many silver compounds are light sensitive, and many have significant reactivities or incompatibilities, which should be evaluated before use. Storage and Silver and silver compounds should be handled In the laboratory using the "basic prudent Handling practices" described In Chapter 5.C.
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From page 389... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large shill or release in a confined area. · ~ ~ Excess silver, silver compounds, and waste material containing these substances should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 390... ...
Storage and Sodium should be handled in the laboratory using the "basic prudent practices" described Handling in Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with flammable Continued on facing paged The information in this LCSS has been compiled by a committee of the National Research Council from literature sources and Material Safety Data Sheets and is believed to be accurate as of July 1994. This summary is intended for use by trained laboratory personnel in conjunction with the NRC report Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals.
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From page 391... ...
If sodium is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, cover the sodium with a dry chemical exhnguishing agent, sweep up, place In an appropriate container under an inert atrnosphere, and dispose of properly.
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From page 392... ...
Sodium azide is reported to react with CH2C12 in the presence of DMSO to form explosive products. Storage and Because of its high toxicity, sodium azide should be handled in the laboratory using the Handling "basic prudent practices" of Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions (continued on facing page)
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From page 393... ...
If sodium aside is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 394... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of these metal cyanides is high. Ingestion of NaCN or KCN or exposure to the salts or their aqueous solutions by eye or skin contact can be fatal; exposure to as little as 50 to 150 mg can cause immediate collapse and death.
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From page 395... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary In the event of a large spill or release In a confined area. Excess sodium or potassium cyanide and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your ~nstitution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 396... ...
Ingestion of concentrated solutions of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide can cause severe abdom~nal pa~n, as well as serious damage to the mouth, throat, esophagus, and digestive tract. Inhalation of sodium/potassium hydroxide dust or mist can cause irritation and damage to the respiratory tract, depend~ng on the concentration and duration of exposure.
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From page 397... ...
If neutralization and drain disposal is not permitted, excess hydroxide and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines. For more information on disposal procedures, see Chapter 7 of this volume.
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From page 398... ...
Sulfur dioxide is regarded as a substance with good warning properties except in the case of individuals with reactive respiratory tracts and asthmatics. Exposure of the eyes to liquid sulfur dioxide from pressurized containers can cause severe burns, resulting In the loss of vision.
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From page 399... ...
In case of eye contact, promptly wash with copious amounts of water for 15 min (lifting upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention.
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From page 400... ...
1 mg/m3 STEL (ACGIH) 3 mg/m3 Major Hazards Highly corrosive; causes severe burns on eye and skin contact and upon inhalation of sulfuric acid mist; highly reactive, reacts violently with many organic and inorganic substances.
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From page 401... ...
If sulfuric acid is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of sulfuric acid mist are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 402... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of THF by inhalation and ~ngestion is low. Liquid THF is a severe eye irritant and a mild skin irritant, but is not a skin sensitizer.
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From page 403... ...
If THF is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 404... ...
Toxicity The acute toxicity of toluene is low. Toluene may cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation.
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From page 405... ...
Obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 406... ...
The oral acute toxicity of this substance is low. The odor of TDI does not provide an adequate warning to avoid overexposure.
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From page 407... ...
If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once. Disposal In the event of a spill, remove all ignition sources, soak up the TDI with a spill pillow or absorbent material, place In an appropriate container, and dispose of properly.
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From page 408... ...
Toxicity Trifluoroacetic acid is a highly corrosive substance. Contact of the liquid with the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes can cause severe burns, and ingestion can result in serious damage to the digestive tract.
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From page 409... ...
If trifluoroacetic acid is ingested, obtain medical attention immediately. If large amounts of this compound are inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention at once.
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From page 410... ...
Alkylalumi num reagents are corrosive substances, and contact is extremely destructive to the eyes, skin, ar~d mucous membranes. Inhalation of trimethylalum~num ar~d other volatile alkyla luminum compounds may cause severe damage to the respiratory tract and can lead to fatal pulmonary edema.
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From page 411... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary in the event of a large spill or release in a confined area. Excess Trialkylaluminum reagents and waste material containing these substances should be placed in an appropriate container under an inert atmosphere, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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From page 412... ...
Toxicity Trimethyltin chloride and other organotin compounds are highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Trimethyltir~ chloride can cause irritation and burros of the skin and eyes.
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From page 413... ...
Respiratory protection may be necessary In the event of a large spill or release In a confined area. Excess trimethylUn chloride or other organotin compound and waste material containing this substance should be placed In an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
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Key Terms
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