The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Index
Pages 185-194

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 185... ... Department of Commerce Aerospace industry, 80 Affiliates of foreign-owned firms in U.S. See also companies by country 185 applied research, 54, 64 basic reasearch by, 54-55, 64-65 by country, 62, 142 defined, 13 n.4 economic performance requirements, 10, 11, 60, 64, 73, 77, 114-115, 116, 123-124, 130, 149-150, 151-153 employment, 49-50, 55-56, 86 n.21, 131 n.2 expenditures for R&D, 3-4, 17, 39, 4248, 60, 81, 83 n.2, 85 n.9 freestanding R&D facilities, 48-53, 56, 85 n.l4, 86 nn.l6, 21 by industry, 61-62, 142 intrafirm trade, 89 n.41 objectives and motivations for R&D activities, 50, 54-56, 63-64, 81, 84 n.4, 87 n.25, 142-143 organization and character of R&D activities, 22-25, 36, 41, 48-56, 60-70, 81, 143 reciprocity requirements, 10, 11, 130, 150, 153-154 R&D intensity of activities, 60-64, 81 technology flows, 66, 81, 143 technology stripping, 70 types of R&D activities, 48-56, 64-65 value of R&D, 64-66 Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... See also Monopolies Applied research by affiliates of foreign firms in U.S., 54' Canada 64 defined, 29 and economic development, 33, 34 outputs of, 30, 31, 38 n.9 by U.S.-owned affiliates abroad, 65 Argonne National Laboratory, 114 Asea Brown Boveri, 116 Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum, 73, 153 Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) , 12, 156 AT&T,87n.29, 110 Australia, 80, 125 Automation, 44 Automotive industry, 48~9, 50, 51, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 62, 67, 69, 84 n.4, 85 n.12, 86 n.21, 135 n.38 B Basic research by affiliates of foreign firms in U.S., 5455, 64-65 defined, 29 and economic development, 33-34 funding, 31, 131 n.1 industry trends, 13, 24 international equity issues, 10, 11-12, 25, 127-129, 131, 151, 154-155 by Japan, 12, 86 n.21, 87 n.29, 104, 110, 127-129, 131, 150, 154-155 links with applied research, 33 outputs of, 30, 37 n.1 at universities, 91, 104, 110 U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... , 114-116, 119, 134 n.34, 135-136 n.39, 149, 152 economic performance requirements, 114-115 federally funded research and development centers, 212 foreign corporate participation in, 114116, 122-124 history of foreign involvement in, 112114 intellectual property rights at, 113, 114115 intramural agency laboratories, 112 national security issues, 115 visiting researchers, 8, 10, 113-114, 118-122, 147, 148 Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986, 134 n.34, 135 n.36 Finland, 65 Food and kindred products, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51 Foreign direct investment by U.S. companies, 21, 41, 65. Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... See also Privately funded R&D; individual industries internationalization of, 41 surveys of, 83-84 n.2 technology parks, 109-110 trends, 13, 27 n.3, 157 acquisitions of high-technology companies in U.S., 80 affiliate companies in U.S., 43-46, 51, 61, 62, 81 expenditures for R&D in U.S., 4, 19, 22, ~ ~~ ~ 42, 43, 45, 46, 81, 128 freestanding R&D facilities in U.S., 51 international technology flows and, 66, 67, 68 involvement in university research in U.S., 97, 101, 103, 104, 128 patenting activities, 20, 65 R&D intensity of U.S. activities, 61, 62 Germany foreign direct investment in, 22, 71-73 and U.~. Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... activities, 61, 62, 63, 88 n.34 R&D objectives in U.S., 55-56, 59-60, 65-66, 84 nn.4, 5, 87 n.25, 111, 147 reverse engineering, 38 n.11 technical alliances involving, 57 value of R&D activities to U.S., 65-68 Johns Hopkins University, 98, 101, 103 Joint European Semiconductor Submicron Initiative, 118 Joint ventures, 57, 69, 75, 78, 87 n.27, See also International corporate alliances K Kent State University Liquid Crystal Institute, 95, 120 Kvaener Masa Marine, 117 Kyocera, 77, 116 L Langley Research Center, 114 Lawrence Livennore National Laboratory, 113 Licensing agreements and programs, 57, 66, 67, 68, 88 n.36, 102-103, 106-107; See also Patents and patenting Los Alamos National Laboratory, 113, 137 n.59 M Machinery industry, nonelectrical, 48, 50, 51 Massachusetts General Hospital, 105, 132133 n.14 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100-101, 102-103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 119, 120, 134 n.25, 147 Materials Research Centers, 108 Materials Research Corporation, 74-75, 78, 88 n.37 Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... See also Affiliates, U.S. owned; individual corporations direct investment abroad, 21 transnational corporate technical alliances, 3, 21, 39 N National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 112 National Center for Manufacturing Sciences 84 n.5 National Cooperative Production Amendments, 87 n.27 National Cooperative Research Act of 1984, 87 n.27 National innovation systems, 1-2, 13 n.2, 18, 25-26, 27 n.2, 141-142, 148, 156-157 National Institute of Standards and Technology, 112, 114, 115, 125, 157-158 n.1 INDEX National Institutes of Health, 105, 112, 113, 114, 119, 134 n.24, 157 n.1 National Science Foundation, 18, 29, 83 n.2, 108, 125, 132, 134 n.24, 138 n.65 National security issues. Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... . See also Federal laboratories; Universities and university research access asymmetries, 9-10, 91, 124-127, 150, 158 n.4 191 basic research, 11-12, 31, 90-91, 127129, 151 criticisms of foreign participation in, 18 defined, 27 n.4 disciplinary focus, 9, 147 effects of foreign involvement, 9-10, 118-124, 137 n.56 expenditures, 23 industrial technology inititatives, 116118 industry cooperation in, 25, 31 and intellectual property rights, 113, 114-115, 152 military-civilian technology relationships, 23-24 objectives of foreign researchers concerning, 113, 147 political-economic logic of, 32 quid-pro-quo relationships with foreign firms and foreign nationals, 9, 12, 91, 102-103, 108, 118-124, 147150 recommendations regarding, 10-12, 151156 regulation of, 10, 18-19, 41, 84 n.5, 108, 115-116, 123-124, 149-150, 151 strategies, 24-25 trends in foreign participation in, 8-9, 16, 90-92, 129, 147 and U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... Stefan Institute, 95 Software industry, 44, 50, 51 Sony Corporation, 74-75, 78, 88 n.37 South Korea, 44, 48, 49, 51, 67, 80, 120 INDEX Spencer, William, 28 n.9 Stanford University, 98, 103, 107, 109, 119, 132 n.9 State/University/Industry Cooperative Research Centers, 108 Steel industry, 67, 69 Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, 135 n.36 Summit Micro Circuit, 87 n.29 Supercomputer Centers, 108 SVG Lithography Systems, 89 Sweden, 22, 44, 51, 65 Swiss-owned companies acquisitions of U.S. high-technology firms, 80 affiliates in U.S., 42~6, 51, 61, 62, 81 expenditures for R&D in U.S., 4, 42, 43, 45, 46, 81 freestanding R&D facilities in U.S., 51 R&D intensity of activities, 61, 62 patenting activities, 65 international technology flows, 66, 68 involvement in university research in U.S., 105, 110 T Taiwan, 44, 80 Technology defined, 37 n.2 fusion, 22 scanning capabilities, 88 n.35 policies, 17-18, 41 Technology Administration Authorization Act, 117, 136-137 n.44 Technology/knowledge transfer. Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... access to R&D in, 72 visiting researchers at U.S. federal laboratories, 113 Universities and university research basic research, 91, 104, 110 collaborative research, 95, 96 contracts and grants, 102-106 corporate participation, foreign, 99-111, 122-124, 151 disciplinary focus of foreign involvement, 94, 95, 99, 102, 103104, 108, 109, 147 expenditures for, 95-99, 128 funding, foreign, 95-99, 129 intellectual property rights, 104-106, 137-138 n.61 industrial liaison programs, 107-108, 134 n.24 industrial technology parks, 109-110 193 Japanese involvement in, 97, 99, 102103, 104, 110-111, 129, 147 objectives of foreign participation in, 91, 132 n.10 patent and technology licensing programs, 106-107 quid pro quo relationships, 102-103, 108, 125, 156 standards of conduct, 155-156 students, researchers, and faculty, 8, 10, 16, 92-95, 102-103, 118-122, 129 U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... Department of Commerce. See also National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Technology Program, 9, 18, 25, 28, 84 n.5, 116, 117, 129, 147 Annual Survey of Foreign Direct Investment, 83 n.2 definition of foreign investment, 84 n.7 definition of high-technology industries, 13-14 n.5, 27 n.7 Technology Administration, 28 n.9 INDEX U.S. Read the entire page →

From page 185...

... Department of Commerce Aerospace industry, 80 Affiliates of foreign-owned firms in U.S. See also companies by country 185 applied research, 54, 64 basic reasearch by, 54-55, 64-65 by country, 62, 142 defined, 13 n.4 economic performance requirements, 10, 11, 60, 64, 73, 77, 114-115, 116, 123-124, 130, 149-150, 151-153 employment, 49-50, 55-56, 86 n.21, 131 n.2 expenditures for R&D, 3-4, 17, 39, 4248, 60, 81, 83 n.2, 85 n.9 freestanding R&D facilities, 48-53, 56, 85 n.l4, 86 nn.l6, 21 by industry, 61-62, 142 intrafirm trade, 89 n.41 objectives and motivations for R&D activities, 50, 54-56, 63-64, 81, 84 n.4, 87 n.25, 142-143 organization and character of R&D activities, 22-25, 36, 41, 48-56, 60-70, 81, 143 reciprocity requirements, 10, 11, 130, 150, 153-154 R&D intensity of activities, 60-64, 81 technology flows, 66, 81, 143 technology stripping, 70 types of R&D activities, 48-56, 64-65 value of R&D, 64-66

Read the entire page →

From page 186...

... See also Monopolies Applied research by affiliates of foreign firms in U.S., 54' Canada 64 defined, 29 and economic development, 33, 34 outputs of, 30, 31, 38 n.9 by U.S.-owned affiliates abroad, 65 Argonne National Laboratory, 114 Asea Brown Boveri, 116 Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum, 73, 153 Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) , 12, 156 AT&T,87n.29, 110 Australia, 80, 125 Automation, 44 Automotive industry, 48~9, 50, 51, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 62, 67, 69, 84 n.4, 85 n.12, 86 n.21, 135 n.38 B Basic research by affiliates of foreign firms in U.S., 5455, 64-65 defined, 29 and economic development, 33-34 funding, 31, 131 n.1 industry trends, 13, 24 international equity issues, 10, 11-12, 25, 127-129, 131, 151, 154-155 by Japan, 12, 86 n.21, 87 n.29, 104, 110, 127-129, 131, 150, 154-155 links with applied research, 33 outputs of, 30, 37 n.1 at universities, 91, 104, 110 U.S.

Read the entire page →

From page 187...

... , 114-116, 119, 134 n.34, 135-136 n.39, 149, 152 economic performance requirements, 114-115 federally funded research and development centers, 212 foreign corporate participation in, 114116, 122-124 history of foreign involvement in, 112114 intellectual property rights at, 113, 114115 intramural agency laboratories, 112 national security issues, 115 visiting researchers, 8, 10, 113-114, 118-122, 147, 148 Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986, 134 n.34, 135 n.36 Finland, 65 Food and kindred products, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51 Foreign direct investment by U.S. companies, 21, 41, 65.

Read the entire page →

From page 188...

... See also Privately funded R&D; individual industries internationalization of, 41 surveys of, 83-84 n.2 technology parks, 109-110 trends, 13, 27 n.3, 157 acquisitions of high-technology companies in U.S., 80 affiliate companies in U.S., 43-46, 51, 61, 62, 81 expenditures for R&D in U.S., 4, 19, 22, ~ ~~ ~ 42, 43, 45, 46, 81, 128 freestanding R&D facilities in U.S., 51 international technology flows and, 66, 67, 68 involvement in university research in U.S., 97, 101, 103, 104, 128 patenting activities, 20, 65 R&D intensity of U.S. activities, 61, 62 Germany foreign direct investment in, 22, 71-73 and U.~.

Read the entire page →

From page 189...

... activities, 61, 62, 63, 88 n.34 R&D objectives in U.S., 55-56, 59-60, 65-66, 84 nn.4, 5, 87 n.25, 111, 147 reverse engineering, 38 n.11 technical alliances involving, 57 value of R&D activities to U.S., 65-68 Johns Hopkins University, 98, 101, 103 Joint European Semiconductor Submicron Initiative, 118 Joint ventures, 57, 69, 75, 78, 87 n.27, See also International corporate alliances K Kent State University Liquid Crystal Institute, 95, 120 Kvaener Masa Marine, 117 Kyocera, 77, 116 L Langley Research Center, 114 Lawrence Livennore National Laboratory, 113 Licensing agreements and programs, 57, 66, 67, 68, 88 n.36, 102-103, 106-107; See also Patents and patenting Los Alamos National Laboratory, 113, 137 n.59 M Machinery industry, nonelectrical, 48, 50, 51 Massachusetts General Hospital, 105, 132133 n.14 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100-101, 102-103, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 119, 120, 134 n.25, 147 Materials Research Centers, 108 Materials Research Corporation, 74-75, 78, 88 n.37

Read the entire page →

From page 190...

... See also Affiliates, U.S. owned; individual corporations direct investment abroad, 21 transnational corporate technical alliances, 3, 21, 39 N National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 112 National Center for Manufacturing Sciences 84 n.5 National Cooperative Production Amendments, 87 n.27 National Cooperative Research Act of 1984, 87 n.27 National innovation systems, 1-2, 13 n.2, 18, 25-26, 27 n.2, 141-142, 148, 156-157 National Institute of Standards and Technology, 112, 114, 115, 125, 157-158 n.1 INDEX National Institutes of Health, 105, 112, 113, 114, 119, 134 n.24, 157 n.1 National Science Foundation, 18, 29, 83 n.2, 108, 125, 132, 134 n.24, 138 n.65 National security issues.

Read the entire page →

From page 191...

... . See also Federal laboratories; Universities and university research access asymmetries, 9-10, 91, 124-127, 150, 158 n.4 191 basic research, 11-12, 31, 90-91, 127129, 151 criticisms of foreign participation in, 18 defined, 27 n.4 disciplinary focus, 9, 147 effects of foreign involvement, 9-10, 118-124, 137 n.56 expenditures, 23 industrial technology inititatives, 116118 industry cooperation in, 25, 31 and intellectual property rights, 113, 114-115, 152 military-civilian technology relationships, 23-24 objectives of foreign researchers concerning, 113, 147 political-economic logic of, 32 quid-pro-quo relationships with foreign firms and foreign nationals, 9, 12, 91, 102-103, 108, 118-124, 147150 recommendations regarding, 10-12, 151156 regulation of, 10, 18-19, 41, 84 n.5, 108, 115-116, 123-124, 149-150, 151 strategies, 24-25 trends in foreign participation in, 8-9, 16, 90-92, 129, 147 and U.S.

Read the entire page →

From page 192...

... Stefan Institute, 95 Software industry, 44, 50, 51 Sony Corporation, 74-75, 78, 88 n.37 South Korea, 44, 48, 49, 51, 67, 80, 120 INDEX Spencer, William, 28 n.9 Stanford University, 98, 103, 107, 109, 119, 132 n.9 State/University/Industry Cooperative Research Centers, 108 Steel industry, 67, 69 Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, 135 n.36 Summit Micro Circuit, 87 n.29 Supercomputer Centers, 108 SVG Lithography Systems, 89 Sweden, 22, 44, 51, 65 Swiss-owned companies acquisitions of U.S. high-technology firms, 80 affiliates in U.S., 42~6, 51, 61, 62, 81 expenditures for R&D in U.S., 4, 42, 43, 45, 46, 81 freestanding R&D facilities in U.S., 51 R&D intensity of activities, 61, 62 patenting activities, 65 international technology flows, 66, 68 involvement in university research in U.S., 105, 110 T Taiwan, 44, 80 Technology defined, 37 n.2 fusion, 22 scanning capabilities, 88 n.35 policies, 17-18, 41 Technology Administration Authorization Act, 117, 136-137 n.44 Technology/knowledge transfer.

Read the entire page →

From page 193...

... access to R&D in, 72 visiting researchers at U.S. federal laboratories, 113 Universities and university research basic research, 91, 104, 110 collaborative research, 95, 96 contracts and grants, 102-106 corporate participation, foreign, 99-111, 122-124, 151 disciplinary focus of foreign involvement, 94, 95, 99, 102, 103104, 108, 109, 147 expenditures for, 95-99, 128 funding, foreign, 95-99, 129 intellectual property rights, 104-106, 137-138 n.61 industrial liaison programs, 107-108, 134 n.24 industrial technology parks, 109-110 193 Japanese involvement in, 97, 99, 102103, 104, 110-111, 129, 147 objectives of foreign participation in, 91, 132 n.10 patent and technology licensing programs, 106-107 quid pro quo relationships, 102-103, 108, 125, 156 standards of conduct, 155-156 students, researchers, and faculty, 8, 10, 16, 92-95, 102-103, 118-122, 129 U.S.

Read the entire page →

From page 194...

... Department of Commerce. See also National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Technology Program, 9, 18, 25, 28, 84 n.5, 116, 117, 129, 147 Annual Survey of Foreign Direct Investment, 83 n.2 definition of foreign investment, 84 n.7 definition of high-technology industries, 13-14 n.5, 27 n.7 Technology Administration, 28 n.9 INDEX U.S.

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

Index Pages 185-194

Index
Pages 185-194