Plasma Science From Fundamental Research to Technological Applications (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 156-158
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From page 156... ...
The history of plasma science is as diverse as the subject itself. In Chapter 8 above, early work in laboratory plasma science is described, beginning with the work of Faraday in the 1 830s on the chemical transformation of the elements and continuing with Langmuir's work on gas discharges in the 1920s and research on electron beams and beam-type microwave devices in the 1940s and 1950s.
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From page 157... ...
Spacecraft data have identified many key nonlinear phenomena: collisionless shocks, bursty and steady magnetic reconnection, double layers, current sheets, dynamo generation of magnetic fields, and the overall structure of magnetospheric plasmas, which are high-mirror-ratio magnetic confinement configurations. Up until now, because spacecraft obtain local data, only the rudimentary aspects of these processes have been measured.
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From page 158... ...
This figure shows that the high-frequency modulation of the magnetic field occurs in bursts (lower trace) ; it also shows the induced loss of high-energy particles during each burst, by the decrease in the normalized pressure of the energetic particles, ~ h (Reprinted, by permission, from L
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