Marshaling Technology for Development Proceedings of a Symposium (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Technological Innovation and Services
Technological Innovation and Services
Pages 210-218
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From page 210... ...
Elsewhere, the National Research Council has described information technology and its impact on the performance of services in developed countries.2 In looking at services, these publications have analyzed, in terms relevant to the Bank's mission, the impacts of the traditional service sectors finance, real estate, insurance, retail and wholesale trade, transportation, communications, and sometimes construction-under the forces of technological change, on the overall economy, including manufacturing. While these analyses have focused on the developed world, there is little reason to expect significant differences in the developing countries.
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From page 211... ...
In Elat, Israel, adjacent to Aqaba, Jordan, the National Mariculture Center has developed exquisite technologies for the genetic manipulation, culture, and care of several fish species that are in great demand. For the gilt-head bream, an expensive saltwater fish marketed in France as dorade, the center has succeeded in producing a continual flow of bream fingerlings through
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From page 212... ...
While the technical barriers to a partnership between Israel and Jordan are small, the organizational ones require attention. For example, such partnerships help to shrink the developmental gap between the developing country and the industrialized partner only if both countries benefit.
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From page 213... ...
Such long-distance services as data entry and 800 number response already have grown, and, as the costs of computation and communication decrease, it seems reasonable to expect that those kinds of services will grow and flourish. Indeed, in some developing countries the costs of communication services and locally networked desktop computers have become low enough to permit the growth of communication or data-processing zones, where moderately trained and educated service providers perform such data services far from the source of the raw material.
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From page 214... ...
On-line catalogs are starting to make their appearance on the Internet, and the televised Home Shopping Network has been valued at over a billion dollars. It is reasonable to predict, then, that a direct product export business will grow in developing countries, where, at the moment, some of the enormous variety of crafts available in the local markets-carved wooden flowers from Bali, gold jewelry from India, sculptures, blankets, and even furniture is sold abroad through multiple transactions and multiple price hikes to the eventual consumer.
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From page 215... ...
But despite that interchangeability, many users prefer the privacy of local memory to central storage Just as telephone customers continue to prefer local telephone answering machines over central answering services)
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From page 216... ...
A question about distributing water to a row crop, for example, may well generate responses applicable to drinking-water distribution or evaporative cooling. Without application indexing, the direct and extended intellectual links would be lost.
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From page 217... ...
217 Indexer Indexer Indexer \ UserN with Iterative InquiryM Index by Application / \ InquiryNM ResponseBNM EvaluationNBNM FIGURE 1 Application inquiry, response, and index system. Application Indexers Application Note ExpertA ExpertB Expertc ExpertD l l l l l l l l Index by | Application t Actual User _ ~ Annc~3 FIGURE 2 Application annotation and indexing system for published material.
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From page 218... ...
or other means. Such off-line use can save communication costs for distant users and provide services to isolated ones.
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