Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Selected Airborne Contaminants Volume 2 (1996) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
B4 2-Etoxyethanol
B4 2-Etoxyethanol
Pages 189-212
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 189... ...
monoethyl ether; Cellosolve CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH 1 10-80-5 90.1 135.6°C -70°C 3.7 mrn Hg at 20°C Conversion factors 1 ppm = 3.68 mg/m3 at 25°C, 1 atm: 1 mg/m3 = 0.27 ppm OCCURRENCE AND USE 2-Ethoxyethano! is used as a solvent in synthetic resins and nitrocellulose manufacturing and in varnish removers, cleaning solutions, and lacquers (ACG1H, 19861.
|
From page 190... ...
vapor at 10, 20, or 40 mg/m3 (2.7, 5.4, or 11 ppm) , the exhaled concentration was 59-65% lower than the inspired concentration starting at 10 min into the exposure and remained constant throughout the 4-h exposure.
|
From page 191... ...
(1986b) showed that there were significant amounts of glycineconjugated ethoxyacetic acid, in addition to the free form, in the urine of rats after an oral dose of 2-ethoxyethano!
|
From page 192... ...
to ethoxyacetic acid, the putative active metabolite for testicular toxicity. A question of practical importance in evaluating the pharmacokinetic and metabolic data is whether 2-ethoxyethano!
|
From page 193... ...
Inhalation exposure of human subjects to 2-ethoxyethano! at 6000 ppm for a few seconds resulted in moderate eye irritation and a very disagreeable odor, causing a desire to avoid similar exposures (Waite et al., 1930~.
|
From page 194... ...
They showed an increased incidence of oligospermia, which was defined as less than 100 million sperm per ejaculate, in the exposed painters who did not smoke compared with the unexposed nonsmokers (36% of 33 exposed nonsmokers had oligospermia versus 16% of 32 unexposed nonsmokers)
|
From page 195... ...
, with most of the rats exposed to the two highest doses becoming azoospermic by week 7 after exposure. However, partial or complete recovery was seen in the sperm counts and sperm morphology by week 14 and in histological assessment of the testis and epididymis by week 16 (Oudiz et al., 19844.
|
From page 196... ...
The shipyard painters with anemia, however, had normal values for mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (Welch and Cullen, 1988~. In addition, the mean blood hemoglobin concentrations in the exposed painters and unexposed controls did not differ statistically (Welch and Cullen, 1988~.
|
From page 197... ...
Exposure of pregnant rats at a concentration of 10 ppm for 6 h/d on days 6-15 of gestation led to an increased incidence of limb malrotation in the fetuses, and a similar exposure at 50 ppm reduced the litter size (Doe, 1984~. No adverse effects were detected in the mothers in the 10-ppm and 50-ppm groups.
|
From page 198... ...
Exposure of pregnant rats to 2-ethoxyethano! at 100 ppm for 7 hid on days 7-13 of gestation resulted in the following conditions in newborns: decreased rotorod performance; increased acety~choline, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the cerebrum; increased acety~choline, norepinephrine, and protein in midbrain; increased acety~choline in the cerebellum; and increased norepinephrine in the brainstem (Nelson et al., 1984~.
|
From page 199... ...
199 Cd Cal ._ ._ x o _ L .
|
From page 200... ...
200 .S s lo oo ax _ .
|
From page 201... ...
201 Cat X ~of ~is Cd Cat ~_ _ ~· ce · ~A _ _ D A ~a To y A: - ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ S j ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ' ~ e ~ ' ~ _ o ~ ~ ~ 0 e ~ ~ _.
|
From page 202... ...
202 A: .S s lo m of: Em Cal Cal Cal U)
|
From page 203... ...
Mucosal Irritation Moderate eye irritation was noted by Waite et al.
|
From page 204... ...
showed that occupational exposures to 2-ethoxyethano! at about 2.6 ppm could result in lower sperm count and mild anemia, the SMACs for testicular toxicity should not be set relying solely on the data of Welch and co-workers for three reasons.
|
From page 205... ...
could result in lower sperm counts, the 13-w exposure concentration at 10 ppm, predicted to be safe using the 13-w NOAEL of 100 ppm, does not appear to have any margin of safety. Tt appears that humans are even more sensitive than rabbits to the testicular toxicity of 2-ethoxyethanol.
|
From page 206... ...
In the female rats, there were lower leukocyte counts and a 15 % decrease in the spleen weight. A s~milar exposure at 100 or 25 ppm failed to produce any hematological changes in either rabbits or rats.
|
From page 207... ...
7-d AC based on hematological toxicity = 13-w NOAEL x 1/species factor x 1/microgravity factor = 25 ppm x 1/10 x 1/3 = 10ppm. 30-d AC based on hematological toxicity = 13-w NOAEL x 1/species factor x 1/microgravity factor x time adjustment = 25 ppm x 1/10 x 1/3 x (6 h/d x 5 d/w x 13 w)
|
From page 208... ...
The 1-w NOAEL of 370 ppm is used to derive the 1-h and 24-h ACs. I-h and 24-h ACs based on hematological toxicity = 1-w NOAEL x 1/species factor x 1/microgravity factor = 370 ppm x 1/10 x 1/3 = 10ppm.
|
From page 209... ...
209 Cat ._ o ¢ U
|
From page 210... ...
1986b. Comparative urinary excretion of ethoxyacetic acid in man and rat after single low doses of ethylene glyco!
|
From page 211... ...
1984. Male reproductive toxicity and recovery associated with acute ethoxyethano!
|
From page 212... ...
1930. Acute response of guinea pigs to vapors of some new commercial organic compounds.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.