Computing and Communications in the Extreme Research for Crisis Management and Other Applications (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Overview and Summary
Pages 1-7
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Crises require an immediate response and a coordinated application of resources, facilities, and efforts beyond those regularly available to handle routine problems. Crisis management was the primary application area examined in the Workshop Series on High Performance Computing and Communications conducted by the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council (see Box Sib.
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The mix of professionals fostered consideration of how the conditions in which computing and communications are used can affect the perceived value of technologies and the demand for improvement non-technological conditions, too, shape perceptions about the kinds of features that would be helpful. Resource constraints of local and state crisis management agencies, for example, limit the amount of training available to users of technological tools and require users to trade off performance and other features of new technologies against the life-cycle cost of equipment.
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Workshop participants agreed that the formulation of research questions by researchers will benefit from an explicit recognition that the technologies arising from today's research will be deployed to meet real needs. Chapter 1 discusses unmet demands for computing and communications technologies in crisis management and four other national-scale application areas digital libraries, electronic commerce, manufacturing, and health care.
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However, continued improvements in the quality, efficiency, accessibility, and dependability of nationally important industries and services are realizable through advances in information technology and their integration into the work practices of organizations and individuals. Consequently, whether expressed as needs of society or as opportunities for researchers, unmet demands for improved capabilities in areas of broad national significance suggest many fruitful problems for research in and development of
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Chapter 3 presents the steering committee's findings based on inputs from the workshop series and a sampling of additional, related sources. Box 3.2 presents selected examples of compelling, applications-motivated computer science and engineering research topics identified in discussions between crisis management experts and technologists at the workshops.
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In application areas such as crisis management, digital libraries, electronic commerce, manufacturing, and health care, the widespread interconnection of computing and information resources and the people who use them over networks has made it feasible, and increasingly common, for resources to be called on in unforeseen ways. Crisis management, in particular, illustrates the value of being able to integrate highly diverse resources whose usefulness in an unusual situation could not have been anticipated in advance.
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National Science and Technology Council, Washington, D.C., March 10. Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB)
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