Tactical Display for Soldiers Human Factors Considerations (1997) / Chapter Skim
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7 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING, AND EVALUATION
7 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING, AND EVALUATION
Pages 164-183
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From page 164... ...
Key issues in building an effective research program and an effective test and evaluation plan include identification of the technical areas requiring additional research and performance requirements that need discrete, objective evaluation. Historically, human factors research in the Army's programs has been underfunded and understaffed; it has not been a primary driver of revisions to proposed requirements; and it has not played a central role in the planning of creative testing programs.
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From page 165... ...
Second, does the helmet-mounted display significantly improve the visual perception of a soldier and his ability to perform operational tasks under tactical operational conditions? Third, how does the cognitive workload created by the helmet-mounted display affect task performance by soldiers under tactical and operational conditions?
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From page 166... ...
. We list below some guidelines, considerations, reservations, and underlying problems in human performance measurement from the Guide to Human Performance Measurement (American National Standards Institute)
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From page 167... ...
The U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command is developing a series of virtual simulations and simulators that may be very useful in assessing human performance.
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From page 168... ...
As suggested above, the design, testing, and evaluation processes of the Land Warrior program and the helmet-mounted display can benefit from expanding the capabilities and application of constructive and virtual simulations. Such approaches could reduce the amount of operational testing, but they will not entirely eliminate the need for live simulations and tactical exercises.
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From page 169... ...
Local Situation Awareness Do the technologies and capabilities embedded in the helmet-mounted display provide a significant improvement in a soldier's local situation awareness under the expected environmental and operational conditions? An operational way to phrase this would be, "Does a dismounted infantry soldier equipped with a helmet-mounted display have a significantly improved ability to detect, identify, and effectively engage enemy targets over a currently equipped soldier?
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From page 170... ...
Performance comparisons of the currently equipped soldier with a Land Warrior-equipped soldier should be integral to the test plan. Visual Perception Does the helmet-mounted display significantly improve the visual perception of a soldier and his ability to perform operational tasks under tactical and operational conditions?
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From page 171... ...
The Army test community has long recognized the potential of combining developmental and operational testing and evaluation as a cost- and time-saving approach. However, the relative difficulty of assessing technical performance to meet specific technical contract specifications, versus evaluating
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From page 172... ...
Greater focus is needed on the types of human performance expected under realistic combat conditions. Table 7-1 highlights existing requirements for helmet-mounted display subsystems and the critical human-factors related test issues that must be resolved to permit the necessary specification of design requirements that address human operational performance criteria.
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From page 173... ...
However, they represent tasks that we would specifically expect the individual soldier equipped with the Land Warrior System to perform in an enhanced manner over a currently equipped infantry soldier. Table 7-4 presents a similar set of tasks for a squad leader equipped with the Land Warrior System linked to a series of potential measures of effectiveness.
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From page 174... ...
(#4) Is local situational awareness of the Land Warrior soldier increased with the night sensor display?
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From page 175... ...
The intent is to conduct controlled experiments with test and control groups using representative soldiers under operational conditions starting early in the research and testing cycle. Such an approach would facilitate human performance assessment, and at the same time, minimize the amount of follow on operational testing required to support the Army's acquisition process.
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From page 176... ...
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From page 178... ...
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From page 180... ...
Land Warrior Task Potential MOE Potential MOP Receive squad Land Warrior Time required to order soldiers have issue order better knowledge of mission Percent of soldiers able to state mission and location Move Moving Land Time required to tactically Warrior soldiers execute movement are less detectable Number enemy Land Warrior detections Identify ORPs Observe/ listen for enemy Conduct reconnaissance Detection range Land Warrior soldiers correctly identify ORPs Land Warrior soldiers detect enemy activity more effectively Land Warrior soldiers are able to conduct accurate Percent ORPs correctly identified Percent enemy activity detected Number of correct detections Time to conduct reconnaissance reconnaissance in Ratio of enemy Land less time Warrior detections to Land Warrior enemy detections Locate Land Warrior Time to locate objective soldiers locate objectives area objects more effectively Percent correct identifications continued on next page
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From page 181... ...
Applying advanced technologies to enhance the performance of infantry soldiers cannot be achieved without also enhancing individual cognitive processing and individual local situation awareness under expected future battlefield conditions. To successfully achieve the optimistic capabilities envisioned in the Land Warrior program, there are significant elements of developmental risk that must be minimized by further research and controlled testing.
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From page 182... ...
Reconnaissance Task Potential MOE Potential MOP Receive Land Warrior squad Time to receive platoon platoon order leaders have more order complete mission knowledge Percent squad leaders able to correctly state 5 Para Order details. Evaluate move Land Warrior squad Time to complete route route leaders are more evaluation effective in route Percent identification of evaluations critical features Move Moving Land Warrior Time to execute movement tactically squads are less Number enemy Land detectable Warrior detections Detection range Control squad Squad movement is Time to execute movement movement more effective Average squad dispersion Land navigate Squad leaders Time to move and identify navigate more ORPs accurately Percent correct location reports Identify ORPs Squads correctly Percent ORPs correctly identify ORPs identified Determine Squad locations are Percent time squad leader location accurately known correctly locates elements Report Squad locations are Percent time higher location accurately reported command levels know the correct squad location Observe/listen Squads detect enemy Percent enemy activity for enemy more effectively detected Number correct detections continued on next page
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From page 183... ...
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, TESTING, AND EVALUATION TABLE 7-4 Continued 183 Reconnaissance Task Potential MOE Potential MOP Conduct Squads conduct Time to conduct reconnaissance effective reconnaissance reconnaissances Percent enemy detections to Land Warrior detections Locate Squads locate Time to locate objectives objective area objectives effectively Percent correct identifications Observe enemy Squads detect enemy Percent enemy activity activity more effectively detected Number correct detections Record Squad reconnaissance Time required to record information results are more results complete Percent observations recorded Receive enemy Squad reports of Percent enemy activity information enemy are accurate reported reports and timely Number correct reports Time required to record results Percent observations recorded Report enemy Squad reports of Percent enemy activity information enemy are more reported timely and accurate Number correct reports Time required to record results Percent observations recorded Report Squad reports are Time required to deliver situation more timely and report accurate Number enemy reports received Percent complete reports
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