Tactical Display for Soldiers Human Factors Considerations (1997) / Chapter Skim
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2 THE INFANTRY POPULATION
2 THE INFANTRY POPULATION
Pages 27-42
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From page 27... ...
In this chapter we examine the criteria used by the Army to enlist infantry soldiers, the functions of infantry training, and the implications of infantry cognitive capabilities and anthropometrics for design of the Land Warrior System. We describe minimum requirements rather than the average because, ultimately, the designer's equipment must be usable for all who qualify for enlistment.
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From page 28... ...
Each service establishes its own composites of the ASVAB subtests to satisfy job structure and mission requirements. Applicants are classified in a military occupation by using the composites to predict success in initial occupational training schools.
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From page 29... ...
The Army sets quality targets both for overall enlistments and for each of its career management fields. In 1994 the Army-wide AFQT targets were 67 percent I-IIIA, 31 percent IIIB, and 2 percent IV.
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From page 30... ...
Relationships between human attributes and situation awareness are presented in Chapter 3. Infantry Requirements The physical requirements for the infantry encompass those for all Army personnel.
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From page 31... ...
in six areas: . Physical capacity: good muscular development with the ability to perform maximum effort for indefinite periods; · Upper extremities: no loss of digits or limitation of motion; no demonstrable abnormality; able to do hand-to-hand fighting; TABLE 2-2 Fleishman's Human Performance Taxonomy Cognitive Physical Psychomotor Verbal comprehension Verbal expression Idea fluency Originality Memorization Problem sensitivity Mathematical reasoning Number facility Deductive reasoning Information ordering Category flexibility Spatial orientation Visualization Speed of closure Flexibility of closure Selective attention Time sharing Perceptual speed Static strength Explosive strength Dynamic strength Stamina Extent flexibility Dynamic flexibility Gross body equilibrium Gross body coordination Choice reaction time Reaction time Speed of limb movement Wrist-finger speed Multi-limb coordination Finger dexterity Manual dexterity Arm-hand steadiness Control precision Rate control
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From page 32... ...
Army personnel assigned to ranger battalions are also selected after they are in the Army and must meet very demanding requirements. TRAINING Training is designed to accomplish many purposes, including acquiring technical, leadership, interpersonal, and conceptual skills; improving and sustaining proficiency from individual to enterprise levels; and inculcating values and beliefs.
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From page 33... ...
Embedded training is one means of preventing the deterioration in the quality of the training that may take place. Implications of the Land Warrior System Work by the Army Research Institute has shown that cognitive tasks involving the accurate recall of subject matter with little or no behavioral component (e.g., a pilot preflight checklist)
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From page 34... ...
Training will be needed to alleviate some of these concerns. The squad leader will face a number of challenges that, although not new in concept, will be new in application and may have training implications: workload management, maintaining 360 degree observation during movement, actions on contact given possible disorientation and changing field of views, maintaining vigilance during slow-tempo operations (overcoming a false sense of capability)
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From page 35... ...
Some specific hardware and software features associated with installing and operating an embedded training system include processing speed, access rate, memory, display capabilities, communications, interfaces, menu structures, and the capabilities for collection of performance data. Planning for such a system must include an analysis of the conditions of use (e.g., conducting embedded training for one platoon while another is conducting operations in a combat zone)
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From page 36... ...
will be required for operators and maintainers." The Land Warrior System, however, will be providing amounts of information to the individual soldier that may be orders of magnitude greater than are now provided. We discuss below the implications for display design of force quality, physical attributes, soldier acceptance, and performance design.
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From page 37... ...
In addition, the display design must accommodate the hearing and vision limitations of current and future soldiers. Historically, in introducing new technology, the Army has experienced unintended effects, such as increases in demands for soldier quality, increased school training time, the need for different skills, and lower levels of equipment readiness.
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From page 38... ...
It is expected that these personnel would come from the division's support units that are attached to the brigade or battalion task force (artillery, air defense, combat engineer, maintenance, medical, supply and transportation, etc.~. These military occupational specialties and the personnel that fill them differ from the infantry population, not least because they include women.
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From page 39... ...
, some artillery unit commanders found that their units would not respond to a call for fire when TACFIRE was inoperative. The personnel had become so dependent on the system that they had lost the ability to fire without it.
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From page 40... ...
The complex technology and all-pervasive impact of the proposed Land Warrior System on infantry soldiers raises a number of basic issues and design considerations. The proposed concept also raises doctrine questions about the autonomy of the individual soldier and about current individual skills and training requirements.
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From page 41... ...
Embedded training solutions can assist if the hardware and software requirements needed are considered in the specifications for computer memory, processing speed, input and output devices, display characteristics, and system architecture. The current space, weight, and power constraints may restrict the effectiveness of an embedded training solution.
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From page 42... ...
What tests and techniques can be used to select Land Warrior users based on temperament, values and attitudes? Will existing tests predict successful or superior performance?
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