Global Health in Transition: A Synthesis Perspectives from International Organizations (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Human Development Reports, 1993 and 1994
Human Development Reports, 1993 and 1994
Pages 25-29
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From page 25... ...
All reports reflect the contributions of practical experience, research results, and statistical information from a large number of organizations and individuals worldwide. Report preparation is the charge of an independent United Nations Development Programme team with the support of a consultant panel and an extensive external drafting and review process.
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From page 26... ...
• Given major cuts in global military expenditures, the numbers of nuclear warheads, and the sizes of armies and defense industry workforces, there needs to be a significant redefinition of the concept of national security -- as in food, employment, and environmental security. • Despite the assumption that pursuing economic growth would necessarily increase employment, there is a new and disturbing economic phenomenon -- growth that does not generate new jobs, that is, "jobless growth." • Concentration and centralization of power and resources are still more the rule than the exception because of the centralization of nation building derived from the colonial experience, weak democracy, low levels of social spending, urban bias, and the composition and directions of foreign aid.
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From page 27... ...
2. New models of sustainable human development that enable full use of human potential through -- investment in basic education, relevant skills, and worker retraining; -- support for small-scale enterprises and informal employment through fiscal incentives and credit system reform; -- creation of an efficient service economy by investing in new skills; -- encouragement of labor-intensive technologies, especially through tax incentives; -- extension of employment safety nets in times of major economic distress through labor intensive public works programs; and -- sharing of limited employment opportunities through adjustments to the work week.
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From page 28... ...
5. New forms of international cooperation built on a new motivation for aid and a global war on poverty based on the needs of people rather than the preferences of nation-states through -- tripling current allocations to 20 percent for health, basic education, environmental security, and reducing population growth; -- basing aid allocations on poverty levels; -- linking aid with mutual concerns of recipients and donors, the interdependence of developed and developing countries, and the sharing of global market opportunities; -- establishing a new people-centered policy dialogue; and -- using technical assistance for national capacity building.
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From page 29... ...
In questioning traditional concepts of development, the HDR also puts forward notions of security that go far beyond customary definitions of national security to a definition of the security of people. It goes on to state that sustainable human development cannot depend on economics alone, but must be built on people's capacities, which can be enhanced only through participation in the development processes.
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