Local Fiscal Effects of Illegal Immigration Report of a Workshop (1996) / Chapter Skim
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CASE STUDIES
CASE STUDIES
Pages 4-12
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prepared a study for the County Board of Supervisors assessing the fiscal impact of immigration on Los Angeles County and for school districts within the county. The study estimated costs and revenues for four groups: recent legal immigrants, amnesty immigrants, undocumented immigrants, and citizen children of undocumented immigrants.2 1A report published after the workshop discusses analytical and policy issues for some of the case studies included here; see Vernez and McCarthy (1996)
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Parker and Rea, 1993 Illegal Immigration in San Diego California State Senate San Diego Fiscal 1991-1992 County: An Analysis of Costs Special Committee on County and Revenues Border Issues Romero, Chang, and Shifting the Cost of a Failed Governor's Office on Planning California Fiscal 1994-1995 Parker, 1994 Federal Policy and Research Clark et al., 1994 Fiscal Impacts of Undocumented U.S. Office of Management and Arizona, 1992 Aliens: Selected Estimates for Budget, U.S.
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Cost estimates for fiscal 1991-1992 covered criminal justice programs and services, health and mental health services, social services, and elementary and secondary education. Cost data were based on administrative records and case records from county departments and a survey of the amnesty population by the California State Health Services Department and Mental Health Department.
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Cost estimates were based on a variety of state and county data; taxes paid were based on data cited from the 1992 Statistical Abstract of the United States, but without table or page references, making it difficult to replicate his estimates. Census Bureau data were used to calculate public assistance participation rates.
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. Although the Huddle studies did attempt to be comprehensive, to measure net costs, and to estimate prospective public sector costs of legal and illegal immigration, workshop participants noted several problems.3 First, the population estimates -- which differed dramatically from all other studies and were 50 to 300 percent higher than available INS estimates -- were not explained or compared with other estimates.4 For example, Huddle estimates 4.8 million undocu 3The studies have received extensive discussion by Urban Institute researchers (see Passel and Clark, 1994)
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Finally, participants remarked that the analysis of labor displacement did not explain the implicitly assumed, but unusually high, labor force participation rate of immigrants, did not take dynamic adjustment into account, and did not differentiate between transitory and permanent effects. SAN DIEGO COUNTY The California Senate Special Committee on Border Issues requested this study in February 1993 to gauge the costs to state and local governments of providing services to undocumented immigrants in San Diego County.
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From page 10... ...
Finally, on the revenue side, the study assumed that the statutory and economic incidences of the property tax are the same, that is, that tenants pay no property taxes -- a questionable assumption when there is little empirical evidence about the housing arrangements of illegal immigrants, including their property taxes. CALIFORNIA The Governor's Office of Planning and the California Department of Finance prepared a study in 1994 to support its argument for federal reimbursement of the state costs of providing services to illegal immigrants (see Romero et al., 1994)
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Three costs were estimated: incarceration of undocumented immigrants in state prisons, elementary and secondary education for undocumented immigrant children, and emergency medical services provided to un 6State of California estimates for public education costs for illegal immigrants are much higher on a per student basis ($5,481 in 1993-1994) than those of the Urban Institute ($4,199)
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From page 12... ...
First, because of the small number of cost items, overall cost estimates for public services could not be produced. Second, the reported cost estimates rely on specific estimates for the number of illegal immigrants, by age and sex.
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