(NAS Colloquium) Earthquake Prediction The Scientific Challenge (1996) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Dynamic friction and the origin of the complexity of earthquake sources
Dynamic friction and the origin of the complexity of earthquake sources
Pages 3819-3824
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 3819... ...
These studies suggested that stress and slip would become spontaneously heterogeneous because of nonlinear instabilities in the mechanical model of a frictional fault. These results led to an interesting controversy because quasi-static models studied by Rice using the experimentally derived friction laws by Dieterich (19, 20)
|
From page 3820... ...
shows that friction laws at low slip rates should at least include three elements: (i) direct stress change for rapid increases in slip velocity, (ii)
|
From page 3821... ...
This is a more controversial feature that has been included in the rate- and state-dependent friction laws in the form of a logarithmic decrease of friction with increasing velocity. In the present study, we assume a linearly decreasing dynamic friction as a function of increasing steady-state slip rate to simulate the simpler frictional models used by Carlson and Langer (14~.
|
From page 3822... ...
Each of these narrow pulses propagates at a rather constant velocity, increasing slip velocity rapidly and then freezing spontaneously behind the rupture front. Because these pulses do not completely relax the stress on the fault, other pulses may be triggered in their trail, producing complex rupture sequences.
|
From page 3823... ...
The later should of course not appear in the scaling law for events that do not rupture the entire fault. Thus, the scaling properties of events larger than the minimum size should depend only on the minimum event size and on their own fault length.
|
From page 3824... ...
Given the little knowledge that we currently have about the friction laws at high slip rates, we firmly believe that heterogeneity should be explored without preconceived assumptions about which of material and dynamically generated heterogeneity dominates in the earth.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.