Biographical Memoirs Volume 50 (1979) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Rufus Cole
Rufus Cole
Pages 118-139
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 119... ...
Cole's mother's family, the Smiths, also of Yankee stock, had lived in Ohio for several generations. Rufus' father practiced medicine in Peru and the adjoining town of La Salle, Illinois.
|
From page 120... ...
It was while he was still working in the Department of Anatomy at Chicago that Barker, in a speech at a dinner meeting of Hopkins alumni, advanced the novel idea that professors in the clinical disciplines should devote "whole time" to their academic duties and be relieved of the necessity of engaging in private practice. When Barker succeeded Osler as Professor of Medicine, he began to establish laboratories adjacent to the wards and encouraged his house staff to engage in research employing scientific methods of the basic: disciplines, thereby initiating a promising advance in American medicine.
|
From page 121... ...
This work attracted considerable attention because it had been carried out in a routine clinical laboratory. It started a program which was to grow as Barker had hoped and eventually contributed significantly to the development of clinical medicine in America.
|
From page 122... ...
Furthermore, his perusal of Osler's famous textbook had shown him how many diseases were imperfectly understood and convinced him of the importance of supporting research in clinical medicine. During several years at the turn of the century, a Board of Trustees for the Institute was assembled, a procedure to which Mr.
|
From page 123... ...
In order to avoid the problems of the customary nurses' training school, the entire nursing service was in the hands of salaried graduate nurses. In planning the living quarters for his house staff, Cole diet not forget the wisdom of John Shaw Billings, who, in designing the buildings of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, had allocated for the house staff spacious bedrooms with a pleasing outlook and with a library close at hand.
|
From page 124... ...
Christian Herter, a member of the Board of Trustees. Cole chose as his special problem lobar pneumonia, a disease which at the time was so prevalent and caused such a high mortality that Osler called it "the captain of the men of death." Cole took under his wing a small team of young assistants who made an intensive study of that disease and its causative organism the pneumococcus.
|
From page 125... ...
Thus it was that under Cole's direction a vast number of contributions, many of them important, were made to the advancement of clinical medicine and hence to an understanding of disease in man. During the military mobilization which anticipated the U.S.
|
From page 126... ...
He also pointed out that, although pneumococci were present in the throats of healthy individuals, it was types I and II which were the causative microorganisms in 60 percent of the cases of lobar pneumonia and that they soon disappeared during convalescence. Those types could, however, be cultured from the throats of immediate contacts and from the dust collected from the rooms of patients infected with either of them.
|
From page 127... ...
One more of Cole's contributions to the development of clinical medicine in the United States resulted from his conclusion that the University of Chicago was the most appropriate institution in which to establish a medical school where all members of the faculty, including those in the clinical departments, would be on full time, i.e., would hold academic appointments that provided adequate salaries and forbade clinicians to engage in private practice. The University of Chicago already had on its campus strong departments in all the basic sciences which offered preclinical instruction for medical students who then went for their clinical training to Rush Medical College, an afliliate<1 institution on the west side of Chicago.
|
From page 128... ...
Kisco, for such care had long been one of his concerns. He also rekindled his interest in gardening and published papers on the distinguishing features of English gardens; he continued to paint in watercolors and oils; he wrote poetry, mostly unpublished, which demonstrated his ability to put down his thoughts in beautifully expressed cadences; and he took great pleasure in music.
|
From page 129... ...
It also exemplifies Cole's ability to relate complicates! historical events in easily read, enjoyable English prose.
|
From page 130... ...
, 1933 STUDENT HONOR SOCIETIES Phi Beta Kappa Nu Sigma Nu Alpha Omega Alpha PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS The Johns Hopkins Hospital Resident House Officer, 1899-1900 Assistant Resident Physician, 1900-1904 Instructor in Medicine, 1901-1904 Resident Physician and Associate in Medicine, 190~1906 Assistant Physician in charge of the Biological Division of the Clinical Research Laboratory, 1906-1909 Research Student under Professor A Wassermann, Robert Koch Institut fur Infektionskrankheiten, Berlin, 1903-1904 Director of the Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research and Member of the Rockefeller Institute, 1908-1937; Member Emeritus, 1937-1966 Board of Scientific Directors, International Health Division, Rockefeller Foundation, 1929-1936 Chairman, Finance Committee, District Nursing Association of Northern Westchester County, 1930 Board of Managers, St.
|
From page 131... ...
1927 American Association of the History of Medicine, 1925 American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, 1915 Retired member, 1939 American Association of Immunologists, 1917 American College of Physicians, Fellow, 1937 American Medical Association, 1902 American Public Health Association, 1936 American Society for Clinical Investigation, Charter Member, 1908 President, 1915 American Society for Experimental Pathology, 1913 American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 1910 American Society of Tropical Medicine, 1909 Association of American Physicians, 1909 Vice-President, 1930 President, 1931 Kober Medalist, 1938 Charaka Club, 1924 President, 1939-1940 Harvey Society, 1911 Lecturer, 1913 and 1930 Vice-President, 1914-1917
|
From page 132... ...
132 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS President, 1921-1923 History of Science Society Councilor, 1937-1940 Interurban Clinical Club Vice-President, 1911-1912 President, 1921-1923 National Academy of Sciences, 1922 New York Academy of Medicine, 1909 Vice-President, 1920-1922 Academy Medal, 1953 New York Academy of Sciences New York Clinical Society, 1917 New York Pathological Society, 1910 Practitioners Society, 1916 President, 1940 Society of American Bacteriologists, 1912 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine Society of Internal Medicine, 1910 President, 1912-1913
|
From page 133... ...
Bull., 13:143. 1904 Experimental streptococcus arthritis in relation to the etiology of acute articuIar rheumatism.
|
From page 134... ...
17, 2:1. A summary of the study of opsonins carried out at the Johns Hopkins Hospital.
|
From page 135... ...
Report of studies concerning acute lobar pneumonia.
|
From page 136... ...
Science, 51:329. Acute lobar pneumonia.
|
From page 137... ...
A study of ventilation and respiratory illness in Syracuse schools: rate of air flow and room temperature in relation to the health of the school children.
|
From page 138... ...
A study of rural school ventilation in Cattaraugus County, N.Y. Address.
|
From page 139... ...
Journal of the Michigan State Medical Society. 1959 Human History: The Seventeenth Century and the Stuart Family, ~ vols.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.