Biographical Memoirs Volume 50 (1979) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Richard Edwin Shope
Richard Edwin Shope
Pages 352-375
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 353... ...
Thus his college education in medicine and his boyhood experiences on the farm combined to produce a man excellently qualified to contribute to knowledge of animal diseases.
|
From page 354... ...
inpuenzue suds that investigators of human influenza had been in regarding the Pfeiffer bacillus at the close of the 1918 pandemic."~ At this time Paul Lewis died of a yellow fever infection contracted in the laboratory, and Shope carried on by himself. He now made sterile filtrates of infectious material and administered them to swine intranasally.
|
From page 355... ...
Then, only the filtrate disease appeared unless the contact pig happened to be carrying the Haemophilus. It was soon shown that swine flu virus, like the human one, would infect ferrets, and the further, important fact emerged that when it was given intranasally to anesthetized ferrets, they developed pneumonia instead of only nasal symptoms.
|
From page 356... ...
Shope found, in 1936, that hardly any human sera from children aged twelve or less would neutralize the swine flu virus while many from older persons did so. This suggested that a virus antigenically related to swine flu had been present in the human population up to 1924 but not later.
|
From page 357... ...
After pursuing other clues which proved unrewarding, Shope concluded that swine lung worms were acting as intermediate hosts. Ova laid by these worms are passed in the pigs' feces and taken up by earthworms in which the eggs hatch and undergo further stages in development.
|
From page 358... ...
He also published evidence that hog cholera virus might persist, as swine flu virus appeared to do, in lungworms. Shope's three most outstanding discoveries followed each other in rapid succession: swine influenza in 1931, the rabbit fibroma in 1932, and the rabbit papilloma in 1933.
|
From page 359... ...
This infection, of South American origin, causes local lesions in the native rabbits, another Sylvilagus species, but in domestic rabbits causes fatal disease. Shope found that rabbits recovered from his fibroma were largely resistant to the myxoma virus: they still developed local lesions, but almost all survived.
|
From page 360... ...
Shope devoted much attention to this matter: he did occasionally obtain successful serial transmissions in the tame rabbits, but failures were the rule. The important discovery was then made that the tame rabbit warts, though apparently virus-free, would lead to the production of specific neutralizing antibodies when injected
|
From page 361... ...
Though many may be reluctant to believe in the "masked" swine flu virus in lung-worms, the "masked" papilloma virus seems to be genuine. Shope suggested that it might survive as infectious DNA, but since it gives rise to neutralizing antibodies, there must be more of it remaining than that.
|
From page 362... ...
Shope, essentially a country lover, had enjoyed being able to live near Princeton University on a small farm where he could keep a cow and poultry and grow vegetables. Then, with no previous warning to the staff, the Trustees of the Rockefeller Institute decided to close down their Princeton branch, offering the staff the opportunity to work in their main Institute in New York.
|
From page 363... ...
In the course of his work he became infected with two serious virus diseases, lymphocytic choriomeningitis and eastern equine encephalomyelitis, but in each case he made a good recovery. Some years before his death he underwent a major operation when a small abdominal cancer was found.
|
From page 364... ...
Med., 44:623-24. 1927 The quantity of cholesterol in the blood serum of the guinea pig as an inherited character; its relation to natural resistance to tuberculosis, and to tuberculosis infection.
|
From page 365... ...
A paralytic disease of guinea pigs due to the tubercle bacillus.
|
From page 366... ...
Orcutt. The distribution of swine influenza virus in swine.
|
From page 367... ...
Med., 63:645-53. The incidence of neutralizing antibodies of swine influenza virus in the sera of human beings of different ages.
|
From page 368... ...
of Pennsylvania Press. The swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for swine influenza virus.
|
From page 369... ...
Cornell Vet., 41: 181-89. The provocation of masked swine influenza virus by infection with human influenza virus.
|
From page 370... ...
5~:17-21. The swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for swine influenza virus.
|
From page 371... ...
Press. The swine lungworm as a reservoir and intermediate host for hog cholera virus.
|
From page 372... ...
Dumbell. An infectious cutaneous fibroma of the Virginia whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
|
From page 373... ...
The propagation of the virus of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer in newborn mice and HeLa Cells.
|
From page 374... ...
Mettler. The attenuation of the virus of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of door by its serial passage in the brains of newborn mice.
|
From page 375... ...
VII. An attempt to determine whether the material responsible for the antipassive immunity effect exhibited by mice injected with Helenine is an interferon.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.