Fire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon for U.S. Navy Applications (1997) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
NAVY-SPECIFIC ISSUES
NAVY-SPECIFIC ISSUES
Pages 45-62
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 45... ...
Is retrofit of HFC-227ea/water mist (ships) and HFC-125/gas generators (aircraft)
|
From page 46... ...
Beginning in 2015, however, the pace of decommissioning picks up and, by 2025, over 50°/O of the currently installed halon systems will have been taken out of service, with the largest contributors to this halon reduction being LPD-4 class amphibious ships, FFG-7 class frigates, DD-963 destroyers, and the remaining fossil-fueled aircraft carriers. Looking at the halon 1301-equipped ships yet to be built, the DDG-51 class Aegis destroyers appear to warrant special attention.
|
From page 47... ...
·~6 ~ A& ~ ~ ~ To~ -0 ~ -0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0~ ~ =0 ~ ~ ~ ~-0 =0 ~ ~O o.& ~I ~ O X ~- ~ ~ ~ to ~ ~ ~ ~ O O O - ~- oN O ~l ~ O C~ _ ~ ~ ~ - 1 C`1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C-1 - 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~C~l ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ v 1 ~ o ~ ~ ~o ~o ~ ~ ~o ~o ~ ~ ~ ~o ~ ~o ~o ~0 0 ~o 1 a: :~` ~| m ~ a: a ~ m ~ ~ ~ a: ~ ~a~ m ~ ~ a: ~ ~m ~a: ~ a: a; I a: ~I I o ~ .° 1 o 0 ~o ~o 0 1 ~ ._.
|
From page 48... ...
The Navy has subjected commercial and Navy-designed water mist systems to extensive testing in the ex-USS ShadweR facility. As a result, the Navy-designed system has been chosen for use in all machinery spaces in the LPD- 17, an amphibious ship class of new design.
|
From page 50... ...
The JSF will not enter engineering and manufacturing development until the turn of the century; hence, the fire extinguishing needs and technical approach for this joint services aircraft have not yet been selected. HFC-125 The V-22 will employ both new approaches an HFC-125 compressed gas system and one based on new inert gas generator technology.
|
From page 51... ...
As shown in Figure 4.1, the hardware and process are analogous to sodium azide air bag inflators in automobiles. F/A-~8E/F Engine Nacelle/Dry Bay The inert gas generator system developed for the F/A-18E/F engine bay and tested in real-scale live fire testing demonstrated equivalent or Tower space and weight requirements relative to one using halon 1301.
|
From page 52... ...
AUTOIGNITION CHARGE V-22 Midwing Protection Inert gas generators are also being used to protect the midwing and wing bay volume of the V-22. This area of the aircraft must be protected as one single volume due to the multiple flow paths for both fire suppression agent and fuel/flame.
|
From page 53... ...
Table 4.3 contains projections of halon use, anticipated recovery of halon from retiring ships and aircraft, and the resultant impact on the Navy halon reserve out to the end of the service lives of the various halon-equipped platforms. While ship and aircraft counts can be expected to change somewhat from year to year, and usage and recovery data revised as recovery experience is gained and data collection methods improved, the presentation nevertheless highlights several points of note.
|
From page 54... ...
FIRE SUPPRESSION SUBSTITUTES AND ALTERNATIVES TO HALON FOR U.S. NAVY APPLICATIONS Table 4.3 FY 96 Navy Halon 1301 Projections and Navy Reserve Shins .
|
From page 55... ...
NAVY-SPECIFIC ISSUES Table 4.3 Aircraft NUmber AVerage AVerage . New FY I t 11 d N ber Of NeW Aircraft COnStrUCtiOn If Base (lb)
|
From page 56... ...
The systems considered were HFC-227ea and water mist for ships, and HFC125 and inert gas generators for aircraft, all of which have been described previously. Ship Retrofit HFC-227ea Systems Since more than twice the weight and storage volume of HFC-227ea, relative to halon 1301, is required to achieve adequate extinguishing performance, it is not possible to replace halon 1301 with HFC-227ea without making hardware changes to the system.
|
From page 57... ...
Here, if a particular ship class has limited space to accommodate additional HFC-227ea bottles, eliminating the "second shot" capability in those manifold ships now so equipped would make space available for the additional required HFC-227ea. Water Mist Systems Retrofitting water mist systems using the current Navy design concept would entail substantial ship modifications.
|
From page 58... ...
99,920 TOTAL EST COST $1,496,601 SHIP: CVN 68a EDGR1 5 13 8 2,560 870 13 36,947 32,640 EDGR2 4 10 6 1,920 653 9 28,250 24,480 JP5 #2 4 10 6 1,920 653 9 28,250 24,480 JP5#3 3 8 5 1,600 544 8 22,822 20,400 STRM 2 x 15 LB 1 x 95 LB 1 80 0 -2 2,759 4,080 STRM 2 x 15 LB 1 x 95 LB 1 80 0 -2 2,759 4,080 HAZMAT 1 3 2 640 218 3 8,697 8,160 TOTAL 8,800 2,936 39 $130,484 $118,320 TOTAL WT CHANGE (LB) 11,896 TOTAL EST COST $248,804 Continues 58
|
From page 59... ...
Since inert gas generator technology has not yet reached operational status and such a system must be specifically tailored for each aircraft design, the gas generator is not considered a retrofit candidate at this time by either the committee or the NAVAIR engineers. NAVAIR provided Table 4.5, which depicts the retrofit potential of HFC-125 into the Navy's current fleet of aircraft.
|
From page 60... ...
C Remarks Type of Aircrafta Engine Other Agent Bottle Plumbing System Fixed Wing P 3d 351 N Y-APU 50 73 13 135 F/A-18 826 Y 17 36 9 62 A-6E 85 N N-FUEL - - - - Retires 1997 F-14 422 Y Y-OWAC 47 76 14 137 E-2C 123 Y 39 51 4 94 EA-6B 56 Y 90 90 4 184 C-2A 38 Y Y-APU 47 74 4 124 S-3 134 Y-APU 3 27 0.9 31 E-6Ad 16 N Y-APU 40 87 3 129 C-130 109 Y 162 138 28 328 T-44A 45 Y 15 45 6 66 F/A-18E/F 7 Y 17 36 9 62 EMO only C-12 80 Y 15 45 6 66 C-20 7 Y Y-APU 46 79 3 123 T-39 14 Y 39 51 6 96 Rotary Wing H-53E 199 Y Y-APU 54 149 6 209 SH-60 369 Y 15 60 3 78 M-53A/D 128 Y Y-APU 41 110 5 155 CH-46 253 Y 18 57 5 80 SH-2 89 Y 15 60 3 78 H-3 100 Y 15 60 3 78 AH-1 213 Y 12 63 3 78 UH- 1 150 Y 12 63 3 78 V-22 2 Y Y-MW 14 61 3 78 Current upgrade Current upgrade FSD only NOTE: Estimates of platform retrofit weight impact assume a 300% increase in agent and bottle weights and exclude portable fire extinguishers. aThe number of aircraft reflect rough estimates, not exact figures.
|
From page 61... ...
FINDING: In addition to the chemical replacement agents, promising alternative fire extinguishing systems such as water mist systems and inert gas generators are under consideration by the Navy for some applications. These systems are being incorporated into new-design navalplatforms.
|
From page 62... ...
Draft retrofit engineering plans for contingency use to meet the possible need for retrofit of existing ships and aircraft. This option would involve detailed study of retrofit potential and preparation of engineering plans for installing alternative halocarbon agents, water mist systems, and inert gas generators.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.