Fire Suppression Substitutes and Alternatives to Halon for U.S. Navy Applications (1997) / Chapter Skim
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APPENDIX A: HALON USE BY THE NAVY
APPENDIX A: HALON USE BY THE NAVY
Pages 63-74
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From page 63... ...
The emphasis in fire fighting was to attack fires directly with men manning hoses dispensing solid water streams or fog, and this remained the accepted approach during the immediate postwar years. In the late 1 960s, a series of aircraft carrier fires incident to Vietnam War operations triggered a search for more effective ways to fight massive flight deck fires.
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From page 64... ...
And although the principal reason for acquiring halon 1301 systems was to fight machinery space fires, halon 1301's attraction as a very effective, non-toxic agent resulted in its being substituted for CO2 in other spaces where flammable liquids were stored. This introduction of halon to the Navy followed its earlier acceptance for total space flooding applications in the civil community.
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From page 65... ...
The exploitation of dry chemical powders and aqueous fiIm-forming foam as well as the introduction of specialized naval fire fighting systems are examples of the constant improvement sought by the Navy in the safety and survivability of its vessels, aircraft, and crews. Employing haloes for machinery space and aviation fire extinguishing applications is an example of adopting new technology to improve fire protection.
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From page 66... ...
Manual fire fighting may be employed in machinery spaces (~) when a fire is small or localized and can be readily extinguished by watch standers without protective equipment and (2)
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From page 67... ...
All foams, including AFFF, are only effective in suppressing two-dimensional flat pools of fuel and are generally ineffective on spray fires or cascading fuel fires. The primary shipboard uses of AFFF are in machinery spaces, aircraft hangars, fueled vehicle stowage areas, and on flight decks.
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From page 68... ...
1-1/2~ CHECK VALVE MAY NOT BE INSTALLED WHEN THERE IS ONLY ONE CYLINDER. How a Shipboard Halon 1301 System Works Halon 1301 systems installed in shipboard machinery spaces are designed to discharge sufficient haion into a space to develop a uniform 5% (by volume)
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From page 69... ...
The nitrogen is required to provide adequate cylinder pressure to discharge the halon in 10 seconds and to provide sufficient nozzle pressure to ensure proper distribution of the agent in the compartment. All machinery space halon systems are manually actuated using pneumatic actuation lines.
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From page 70... ...
This is attributable to the nuclear-powered CVN being a one-shot ship, but more importantly, to the lack of a requirement for any halon in main propulsion spaces. It also highlights the point that main machinery spaces, emergency diesel generator rooms, and aviation fuel pump rooms account for a large proportion of the halon installed in applicable ship classes.
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From page 71... ...
Main Machinery Room X2 461255,750 * Auxiliary Machinery Room 201252,500 Emergency Diesel Generator Room #l 5125625 Emergency Diesel Generator Room #2 3125375 JP-5 Pump Room #1 4125500 JP-5 Pump Room #2 360180 LCAC Pump Room 360180 Paint Mix & Issue Room 19595 Cargo Flammable Liquid Room 6125750 Aviation Flammable Storeroom 295190 Supply Department Flammable Storeroom 460240 Ship Store Flammable Liquid Storeroom 21020 Aviation Flammable Liquid Storeroom 11515 Quantity of halon installed on ship 16,170 On-board spares 2,050 Total halon on board 18,220 NOTE: Entries with an asterisk (*
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From page 72... ...
per System (lb) Auxiliary Machinery Room Engine Room #1 Engine Room #2 Generator Room Gas Turbine Module - 1 A/B Gas Turbine Module - 2A/B Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator #1 Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator #2 Ship Service Gas Turbine Generator #3 Flammable Liquid Storeroom Flammable Liquid Issue Room TACTAS Room Quantity of halon installed on ship On-board spares Total halon on board 10 20 22 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 125 125 125 95 95 95 95 95 95 60 1,250 2,500 2,750 570 190 190 190 190 190 60 1530 125250 8,3G0 635 8,995 Table A.5 CVN-73 USS George Washington Class Halon 1301 Systems Space Size Halon Quantity (lb)
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From page 73... ...
These include hydrocarbon/air diffusion flames characteristic of engine nacelle and bay fires; premixed fuel vapor/aerosol/air deflagrations in dry bay applications; explosions of premixed fuel/air mixtures in fuel cells; and solid combustible diffusion flames involving cable and wire insulation or other combustibles that are typically suppressed using hand-held portable extinguishers. The most critical fires are those in engine bays and explosion/deflagration events in dry bays.
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From page 74... ...
Dry bays or void areas alongside or beneath fuel tanks, and through which fuel lines may pass, are susceptible to explosions and fires if combat damage is suffered. Protection measures employed include solid foams, inert gas generating systems, and halon 1301.
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