Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research Potential for Assessing Military Performance Capability (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 375-388
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Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research, 1997 Pp.
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Gene expression refers to those processes by which the genetic information stored in the DNA is converted into proteins (including enzymes) within the cell.
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factors in proximity to the basal transcriptional machinery. The factors in turn influence the rate of initiation, presumably by making protein-protein contacts with RNA polymerase II or its associated factors (Choy and Green, 1993)
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Once the regulatory sequences of a particular gene have been identified, they can be used to search for a particular transcription factor that binds to this site. A variety of assays are available for examining specific protein-DNA interactions, but of these the electrophoretic mobility shift ("band shift")
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leads to repression. In this manner, the cell strives to ensure that adequate supplies of cholesterol are available for membrane biosynthesis and that excess levels that can lead to deleterious cell effects do not accumulate.
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in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell as an integral membrane-bound protein. The 68-kDa nuclear form represented the amino (N)
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The actual intracellular pathway leading to increased transcription in response to carbohydrate feeding is poorly understood. Feeding of a highcarbohydrate diet causes increased glucose metabolism in the liver, as well as increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion.
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members of this family possess a similar DNA binding motif composed of a basic region that contacts the DNA and adjacent helix-loop-helix and leucine zippers motifs involved in dimerization (Kadesch, 1993)
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with observations that high dietary fat intake induces the peroxisomal β-oxidation system. A preference for polyunsaturated fatty acids over monoun-saturated or saturated fatty acids was found.
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these effects will presumably allow the organism to operate more efficiently in the face of changing nutritional status. The impact of such changes is difficult to measure, as they occur within the context of changes occurring at many levels in the body.
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Kadesch, T 1993 Consequences of heteromeric interactions among helix-loop-helix proteins.
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Tomkins, G.M. 1975 The metabolic code.
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HOWARD TOWLE: Yes, in fact, it is quite specific for polyunsaturated fatty acids, so that saturated or monosaturated fatty acids do not show that effect at all. DENNIS BIER: What about acetate or acetyl-CoA?
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