Biographical Memoirs Volume 72 (1997) / Chapter Skim
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JOSEPH E. VARNER
JOSEPH E. VARNER
Pages 352-371
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From page 353... ...
His most notable research achievements were the clefinition of cell cleath as an active process, discovery that the hormone gibberellin regulates the expression of oc-amylase in barley aleurone cells at the level of the gene, en c! cloning of the cDNA for the cell wall protein extensin, which lair!
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From page 354... ...
at the Santa Ana Public Library that opened his eyes to new possibilities for research. "Wouldn't it be nice to do that sort of thing with plants," thought Varner.
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THE FIRST TEN YEARS: FROM ORGANIC ACIDS TO ENZYME SYNTHESIS Varner starter! his career when plant biochemistry was emerging as a new branch of experimental plant biology.
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In the 1950s Caltech was a hot place for plant biology with three active laboratories, those of James Bonner, Arthur Galston, en c! Frits Went.
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From page 357... ...
isotopes in many creative ways, not only for metabolic labeling but also for exchange reactions, density labeling, protein turnover, en c! in plants enzyme assays.
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persuasively that we should not look for metabolism (e.g., CO2 assimilation or release) , but rather measure exchange reactions.
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relied on the "sniffing" of gases and their analysis by a lO-Ib mass spectrometer. HORMONAL CONTROL OF ENZYME SYNTHESIS The research for which Varner is best known was his demonstration that the plant hormone gibberellin induces cereal aleurone cells to synthesize massive amounts of oc-amylase through the action of the hormone on gene activity.
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From page 360... ...
Varner combiner! his penchant for devising simple yet elegant techniques and his love affair with isotopically labeled metabolites to measure, in collaboration with Philip FiTner, protein synthesis using density labeling.
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The so-called density labeling technique was widely applied in many plant biochemistry laboratories to demonstrate de nova enzyme synthesis. However, because of the expense of Hi, D2O was user!
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He attractor! a number of first-rate junior plant biologists to the department, inclucling Roger Beachy, Mary Dell Chilton, William Outlaw, en c!
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Anton Lang to appoint Lamport an assistant professor at the AEC Plant Research Laboratory, where they both mover!
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Again, he cleverly used isotopically labeled metabolites, this time coupled to a hightech analytical technique. In 1977, in recognition of Joe's numerous contributions to plant biochemistry, the University of Nancy awarded him a doctor honoris cause degree.
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From page 365... ...
If mesophyIT cells en c! buncIle sheath cells have different cytoplasmic structures, clo they also have different cell walls?
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his own laboratory because the impromptu scientific discussions arounc! the coffee table or at lunch attracted!
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Varner was an engaging lecturer who on eight occasions took a month from his busy schecluTe to give an upper clivision/gracluate course in plant biochemistry at other universities, including the National Taiwan University (1960) , National University of Mexico (1976)
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From page 368... ...
368 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE HELPED me By providing details or reading the finished manuscript: Roger Beachy, Tane Burton, Toe Chappell, Tames Cooper, George Cheniae, Tack Hanson, David Ho, Hans Kende, Frank Salisbury, and Paul Saltman.
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Hormonal control of enzyme synthesis: On the mode of action of gibberellic acid and abscisin in aleurone layers of barley. Plant Physiol.
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Ho. Hormonal control of messenger ribonucleic acid metabolism in barley aleurone layers.
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From page 371... ...
Ye. Gene expression patterns associated with in vitro tracheary element formation from isolated single mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans.
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