International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade Papers and Proceedings (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Dual-Use Technologies and National Security
Dual-Use Technologies and National Security
Pages 130-152
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From page 130... ...
The dual-use distinction is reserved for technology that has a significant government application and a private sector application, especially as the government application pertains to national security. Technology has become a more pervasive differentiator of military performance.
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From page 131... ...
A New Model for Defense Acquisition Paul Kaminski, Department of Defense Today I will share with you some of my views about where the DoD is headed in dual-use technologies and international cooperation and some of my thoughts about a new model for defense acquisition. Currently, the DoD's technology strategy is shaped by three dramatic changes that are occurring in the national security environment.
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From page 132... ...
In this environment, we in the DoD have no choice but to move from separate industrial sectors for defense and commercial products to an integrated national industrial base. We must leverage commercial technological advances to create military advantage and ensure that our equipment remains affordable and the most advanced in the world.
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From page 133... ...
In a global market, everyone, including our potential adversaries, will gain increasing access to the same commercial technology base. The military advantage will go to the nation that has the best cycle time to be able to capture those technologies that are commercially available, apply them to its defense mission needs, and get them fielded with people who are trained to effectively exploit them in the field.
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From page 134... ...
To us that means increased emphasis on cooperation with our allies in a variety of endeavors to include increased cooperation in acquisition of defense equipment. The United States seeks cooperation with its allies here for three reasons.
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From page 135... ...
Here we need to build on our commercial models so as to bring competitive forces to bear in international cooperative programs. If we do not maintain competition, the combination of long cycle times and a fixed team generally lead to inefficient performance.
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From page 136... ...
The bigger issue has to do with our major systems in which we are making some fundamental modifications to our approach early on in the acquisition process. We have introduced the concept of integrated product teams that are working across all pieces of the system, and working to do a much better job of making affordability trades earlier in the process, so that the consequence of the trade looks at the numbers to be bought versus performance requirements.
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From page 137... ...
General Wilhelm from the Marine Corps Combat Development Command made a comment that is worth re
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From page 138... ...
However, even though we have defense technology on the plate and we are continuing to develop new technology, we understand that we have to rely more and more on the national technology base and our access to it for the future. If you look at the budget facts and figures for the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the Commerce Department, they are investigating technologies that are often common to the needs of DoD.
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From page 139... ...
We will continue to do that with new programs within the DoD. Advanced concept technology demonstrations, for example, are a way to synergistically bring in different types of systems based on new technology so we can look at what the system provides the war fighter before we move into the acquisition process.
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From page 140... ...
We are still encouraging and emphasizing dual-use technologies for the purposes of civil and military integration, and we are relying more and more on the national technology base to support our military systems. Thank you.
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From page 141... ...
CLARK MC FADDEN: The dual-use technology strategy implies a much greater sensitivity to and involvement with the commercial technology base by the DoD. It is going to take a much greater understanding of what is happening there, how to exploit it, how to come to grips with it effectively.
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From page 142... ...
They have established a track record for getting these things done. But we should and do have the responsibility to take the entire $4 billion technology base and leverage all to some extent.
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From page 143... ...
Barred from export markets since 1976 by cabinet policy, Japanese arms sales are no larger than those of the nation's sushi shops. But despite limited production of final systems and large-scale weapons platforms, Japanese firms have emerged as world leaders in the design and manufacture of materials, components, and subsystems essential for defense systems at home and abroad.
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From page 144... ...
The United States transferred more weapons to Japan than to any other ally except Germany, mostly in the form of licenses at every level of productionfrom the final, integrated platform to the production machinery that formed the components. Japanese defense contractors licensed and co-produced 29 major U.S.
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From page 145... ...
In the United States, the technology highway came close to resembling a "toll road," with restricted access lanes, while Japan's technology highways are "freeways" that can accommodate automobiles, trucks, or tanks with equal facility. The interdiffusion of civilian military technology is just another lane on a very busy highway.
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From page 146... ...
Indeed, to the contrary, a central purpose of "international cooperation" is to enhance the Japanese technology base which, in turn, strengthens the Japanese position in international projects and enhances Japan's ability to demand more offsets and a higher value added. The crucial task for the United States and Japan is to restructure bilateral
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From page 147... ...
Consider first the globalization of markets and industrial structures. Not only are commercial markets becoming global, but there is a growing and rapidly spreading proliferation in military technology and worldwide arms sales.
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From page 148... ...
. In fact, with significant defense industry consolidations taking place in both Europe and the United States, the need for weapons collaboration is being countered by the growing political drive for defense industry "self-sufficiency" to assure "invulnerability," without recognition that the benefits of international cooperation can be achieved while maintaining competition, and without contributing to domestic vulnerability.
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From page 149... ...
This, then, leads to the third of the broad trends in the national security arena, namely, the integration of civil and military industrial capability. Three factors are driving this trend: · commercial information technology increasingly represents the state of the art; · modern, "flexible" manufacturing allows efficient production of small quantities of military items on the same line with large quantities of related (but very different)
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From page 150... ...
What is needed is the evolution of a coherent, forward-looking public policy and the leadership to assure its implementation. CLARK MC FADDEN: As you look into the twenty-first century, what do you see as the utility and the feasibility of a national technology base to support military activities?
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From page 151... ...
The second step is to be very clear about what we each need and want in the global economy. I have never heard the United States state clearly and convincingly what sort of economy and technology base we must have.
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From page 152... ...
It is clear that it would be possible for the United States to produce some high-technology enemies by weapons competition, which in turn could develop into a vicious cycle. JACQUES GANSLER: In fact, the most likely high-technology enemies are equipped with U.S.
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