International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade Papers and Proceedings (1997) / Chapter Skim
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I. Introduction
I. Introduction
Pages 1-8
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From page 3... ...
From the American perspective, considerable emphasis was placed on the need to adopt a dual-use approach to the development of new technologies, an approach successfully practiced by Japan and an established policy among other members of the international community. The same interplay between national interest and global opportunity was evident in the three closing panels which took up foreign participation in national technology development programs, international cooperative programs involving both public and private participants, and the growth of strategic alliances among private firms.
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From page 4... ...
, yet when these strategies do succeed, as they often have in East Asia, the consequences in terms of economic growth and created national economic advantage are significant. In what he calls "producer-oriented" countries, national policies favor procrucers, at the short-term expense of consumers, to permit the exploitation of highgrowth opportunities in leading industries an approach aided further by protected home markets and export incentives.
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From page 5... ...
Stern emphasizes that this progress has been achieved in part as a result of Japanese government efforts to assist in the acquisition and diffusion of new technologies by promoting standardization, funding targeted research and development including supplying seed funding, blunting foreign competition, and generally reducing risks for business in adopting new technology. Stern also notes that government procurement is one of the most pervasive methods of supporting research and encouraging the development of new products.
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From page 6... ...
She notes that the most fundamental explanation for the increasing prominence of technology issues in the international agenda involves the "convergence" among the major trading powers in terms of technological and managerial capabilities, capital intensity, and education levels a process greatly facilitated by the reduction of barriers to trade and financial flows promoted by post-war international institutions. Rapid Japanese economic growth, seen in part as a result of successful Japanese industrial policies, has encouraged policymakers in both the United States and Europe to focus on high-technology industries.
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From page 7... ...
Countries that maintain protected domestic markets through restrictions on investment, private or public barriers to competition, discriminatory standards and procurement regimes, and a host of other formal and informal measures do not require an active antidumping policy; government policy already ensures that exports are either blocked or restricted. Fundamentally, Howell suggests that the controversy surrounding antidumping is a symptom of a larger phenomenon, the divergence which exists between various national markets with respect to competition policy and which has frustrated all attempts at consensus for at least half a century.
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From page 8... ...
As such, he believes antidumping policy plays a critical role in the maintenance of support for a liberal multilateral trading system. The greater depth provided by the analysis put forward in these papers is designed to contribute to a better understanding of issues often positioned at the intellectual fault-lines that mark national policymaking on trade and technology policy or most favored nation treatment for investment and foreign participation in publicly funded cooperative research.
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