Taking Action to Reduce Tobacco Use (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Facilitate International Tobacco Control
Facilitate International Tobacco Control
Pages 25-29
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From page 25... ...
Diseases in developing countries are undergoing an epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic diseases. In most developed countries the epidemiological transition has been followed by a behavioral transition to unhealthy behavior, including smoking.5i In the United States and other developed nations, public health measures are designed to convince people to change their behavior and promote their health.
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From page 26... ...
The Unitecl States must promote, participate in, and contribute funds to the building of a capacity for evaluating and monitor ing international tobacco control efforts. The success of tobacco control efforts in developed countries has largely been due to the cultivation of a receptive social and political climate through the availability of information about the real risks of tobacco use, supported by research on appropriate pricing and regulation.59 The United States can make a significant contribution to the international tobacco control effort by supporting research on the determinants of tobacco use, including the impact of advertising, promotion, and price; the extent of tobacco-related mortality; the costs of tobacco use; and disclosure of the marketing strategies that induce consumer demand.
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From page 27... ...
The United States can finance the efforts of and provide expertise to countries developing tobacco control programs. Dictating tobacco control policies is both unwise and impractical.
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From page 28... ...
panel evaluated Thai restrictions on the imports of and the internal taxes on cigarettes that Thailand maintained were necessary for public health.70 GATT found that Thailand could "give priority to human health over trade liberalization" as long as the proposed measure was "necessary."7' The panel determined that "Thailand's practice of permitting the sale of domestic cigarettes while not permitting the importation of foreign cigarettes was not 'necessary,' ',72 but that requiring foreign tobacco companies to abide by regulations that applied equally to domestic and foreign tobacco products was appropriate. The GATT decision states that restrictions on the advertising, promotion, and sale are allowable "provided they do not thereby accord treatment to imported products less favorable than that accorded to 'like' products of national origin." In Taiwan, protectionist trade practices limited foreign brands to 1 percent of the market, in part because they sold for triple the price of brands produced by the government monopoly.73 Comprehensive tobacco control programs were being developed in 1988, however, when the United States used Section 301 to open the market.
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From page 29... ...
As the home of large, multinational tobacco companies, the United States can set standards for tobacco production and marketing and can "ensure that the conduct of U.S. corporations abroad is consistent with our domestic policies and national values."8' The Koop-Kessler report recommends several principles for addressing international issues, including promoting the international adoption of U.S.
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