The Unpredictable Certainty White Papers (1997) / Chapter Skim
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The Fiber-Optic Challenge of Information Infrastructure
The Fiber-Optic Challenge of Information Infrastructure
Pages 248-255
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From page 248... ...
handle the growing demands of bandwidth to the desktop in a post-2000 developed society. A number of individual applications today demand large bit rate per user, such as supercomputer interconnection, remote site backup for large computer centers, and digital video production and distnbution, but these are isolated niches today.
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From page 249... ...
The next fine shows local area network capacity as it has evolved. The third one shows the evolution of high-end access to the telco backbone that allows users at one location connectivity to users elsewhere outside the local LAN environment.
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From page 250... ...
In any case, He bottleneck to these evolutions will increasingly be the availability by means of fiber of high bit rates between the premises and the backbone, plus a backbone bandwidth growth rate Hat is itself probably inadequate today. Meantime, looking ahead to the increasing availability of fiber paths and the customers who need them to serve their high-bandwidth needs, the all-optical networking community is hard at work trying to open up the 25 000 GHz of fiber banded to convenient and economical access to end users.
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From page 251... ...
· = passive optical star coupler WAVELENGTH ROUTING NETWORK includes wavelength router FIGURE 4 Three wavelength division architecture. installation "multiprotocol" or "fi~ture-proof' by taking advantage of the fact that each wavelength can carry an arbitrary bit rate and framing convention format, or even analog formats, up to some maximum speed set by Me losses on the link.
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From page 252... ...
The Optical Networking Technology Consortium, a group of some 10 organizations led by BelIcore, has demonstrated an operating wavelength routing network using acoustooptic filters as wavelength routers. The AH-OpticalNetworking Consortium, consisting of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, AT&T Bell Laboratories, and Digital Equipment Corporation, has insured a network that combines wavelength routing, wavelength shining, broadcast-and-select, and electronic packet switching between LittIeton, Lexington, and Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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From page 253... ...
It is fair to say that the United States now holds Me lead in making all-optical networking a commercial reality, and that ARPA support was one of the important factors in this progress. Atone end of 1995, ARPA kicked off a second round of 3-year consortia in We all-optical networking area, with funding roughly five times Mat of the earlier programs [IX]
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From page 254... ...
In Me United States, the Federal Communications Commission has viewed dark fiber as being equivalent to copper, within the meaning of the Communication Act of 1934 [191~201; that is, if the public interest requires making dark fiber ends available, one of the monopoly obligations implied by monopoly privileges is Mat the public should be offered it at a fair pnce. The optoelectronic component cost issue is under active attack.
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From page 255... ...
[19] "Four BOCs Denied Authorization to Cease Providing Dark Fiber Service," Document CC-505, FCC Common Carrier Bureau, March 29, 1993.
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