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Technology and Cost Models for Connecting K-12 Schools to the National Information Infrastructure
Pages 492-510

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From page 492... ... Using a baseline of service required for connecting to the NII, there will be $9.4 billion to $22.0 billion in onetime costs with annual maintenance costs of $1.8 billion to $4.6 billion. At the per-pupil level, this is equivalent to $212 to $501 in one-time installation costs and an ongoing annual cost of $40 to $105. Read the entire page →
From page 493... ... In testimony before Congress in May 1994, Secretary of Education Richard Riley said, '~We may have to go a step furler and provide our schools with free usage of the telecommunications lines that will connect school children and young people" to the NIT. In an address at the Harvard Graduate School of Education, FCC Chairman Reed Hundt said that "if the Administration's challenge is met by everyone, education In this country will be reinvented, forever and for better." Universal connection to the NIT, it is presumed, will facilitate educational reform within schools. Read the entire page →
From page 494... ... . For most school districts, the minimum bandwidth, or bit-speed, that Will support these services is 56,000 bits per second (56 kbps) Read the entire page →
From page 495... ... This gives schools stronger purchasing power as equipment purchases are aggregated by the school district for volume discounts. It also allows schools to share resourcessuch as the data line to the Internet, training programs, and full-time support staff-that each school might not be able to afford individually. Read the entire page →
From page 496... ... That information is vital for determining national policy on connecting schools to the NIl. School Characteristics The models described are based on a 'typical" school and school district, as defined by the U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 497... ... Table ~ lists the cost items associated wad Me single-PC dial-up model. LAN With Shared Modem (Mode! Read the entire page →
From page 498... ... There are additional dial-up lines required to accommodate remote access, as well as significant retrofitting costs for the electrical system, climate control system, arid enhanced secunty. Table 3 gives a line item summary of Me costs associated wad mode! Read the entire page →
From page 499... ... These numbers indicate that there wait be $9.4 billion to $22.0 billion in one-t~me costs, with annual maintenance costs of $~.8 billion to $4.6 billion. At the per-pupi} level, this is equivalent to $212 to $501 in onetime installation costs and an ongoing annual cost of $40 to $105. Read the entire page →
From page 500... ... Schools \ School I File ~ ! Server I it// District Office W~ It, 56 Kbps _ File l ~ Li Schools ~ ~ Remote Locations FIGURE 5 LAN etch local server and dedicated line model. Read the entire page →
From page 501... ... LowHigh SCHOOL COSTS Onetime Installation Costs Telephone line100250 Modem150250 Total250500 Annual Operating Costs Replacement of equipment50150 Telephone line (10 hr/month) 3001,500 Total3501,650 DISTRICT OFFICE COSTS Onetime Installation Costs File server2,00010,000 Data line to WAN/Internet (56 kbps) Read the entire page →
From page 502... ... 2,00010,000 Total22,50066,200 Annual Operating Costs Replacement of equipment3,0008,250 Shared telephone line (40 hr/month) 1,2006,000 Total4,20014,250 DISTRICT OFFICE COSTS Onetime Installation Costs File server2,00010,000 District local area network2,0005,000 Data line to WAN/Internet (56 kbps) Read the entire page →
From page 503... ... ANNUAL COST Annual cost per student Total Onetime Installation Costs 2,000 2,000 2,000 500 8,000 1,000 15,500 Annual Operating Costs 5,000 1,200 45,000 10,000 61,200 15,000 5,000 5,000 2,000 16,000 10,000 53,000 10,000 2,000 90,000 20,000 122,000 96.18238.30 4,230,000,00010,490,000,000 27.6376.85 1 220 000 0003 380,000,000 , . Read the entire page →
From page 504... ... 10,00025,000 Tote97,100222,000 Annual Operating Costs Replacement of equipment3,0008,250 Connection to hub/district office (56 kbps) 1,0005,000 Total4,00013,250 DISTRICT OFFICE COSTS Onetime Installation Costs File server2,000lS,OOO Router2,000S,OOO District local area network2,000S,OOO Data line to WAN/lnternet (1.5 Mbps) Read the entire page →
From page 505... ... Total Replacement of equipment Connection to hub/district office (1.5 Mbps) Total DISTRICT OFFICE COSTS Onetime Installation Costs 50,000100,000 10,00025,000 1,2005,000 4,0007,000 450,000900,000 70,000250,000 585,2001,287,000 Annual Operating Costs 7,500 10,000 17,500 15,000 35,000 50,000 Onetime Installation Costs File server 5,000 15,000 Router 2,000 5,000 District local area network 2,000 5,000 Data line to WAN/Internet (1.5 Mbps) Read the entire page →
From page 506... ... Onetime Costs Ongoing Costs ComponentLowHighLowHigh Local area network1,7304,75000 Personal computers5,10010,20000 File server3701,50000 Telecommunications lines298725130500 Router and CSU/DSU22142500 Retrofitting8502,12500 Training7502,250225525 Internet service00150630 SupportOO9902,250 Replacement of equipment00255701 Total9,31921,9751,7504,606 SOURCE: Rothstein(1994) Read the entire page →
From page 507... ... As an example, Val Verde Unified School District in California laid its reveres with volunteers from parents and community members. If such groups provide labor at no cost to schools, schools wall reap significant savings. Read the entire page →
From page 508... ... . The start-up costs for connection to the network increase at a faster rate than the annual ongoing costs as the complexity of network connection increases. Read the entire page →
From page 509... ... When schools share a high-speed data link, or support staff, the per-school costs drop considerably. Schools in Norm Carolina and Kentucly have saved 20 to 50 percent by purchasing services and equipment at He state level. Read the entire page →
From page 510... ... 1995. Architeefure and Costs of Connecting Schools to the Nll. Read the entire page →

From page 492...

... Using a baseline of service required for connecting to the NII, there will be $9.4 billion to $22.0 billion in onetime costs with annual maintenance costs of $1.8 billion to $4.6 billion. At the per-pupil level, this is equivalent to $212 to $501 in one-time installation costs and an ongoing annual cost of $40 to $105.

Technology and Cost Models for Connecting K-12 Schools to the National Information Infrastructure Pages 492-510

Technology and Cost Models for Connecting K-12 Schools to the National Information Infrastructure
Pages 492-510