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Pages 227-234

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From page 227... ... Index A Access to health care, 6 defined, 37 financial barriers, 5, 10, 37, 41-42, 157 focus of women's health services and, 45-46 literature on, 186-189 personal/cultural barriers, 5, 10-11, 37, 42-46, 157-158 research recommendations, 10-11, 87, 157-158 structural barriers, 10, 37, 40-41, 157 test of equality in, 37, 40 Adolescents. See Children and adolescents Adoption by same-sex parents, 37, 53 Adult lesbians, developmental issues, 5254 Affective disorders, 68-69 African Americans cultural values, 24 depressive distress in, 61 HIV seroprevalence, 76 Lesbian studies, 108-109 Age and awareness of sexual identity, 50 51 and cancer risk, 56 and coming out, 48-49 and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 28 and drinking behaviors, 80 Aging, 5, 173-174 Alcohol use, 56, 58, 64, 65, 68, 79-81, 102-103, 120 American Academy of Pediatrics, 44 n.4 American Community Survey, 160 American Medical Association, 44 n.4 American Psychiatric Association, 36, 44 n.4 American Psychological Association, 44 n.4 Division 44, 137 American Sociological Association, 138 Antigay hate crimes, 36, 38, 42 Anxiety disorders, 68, 81 Artificial insemination, 54, 76 Asian American lesbians and gay men, 24 227 Read the entire page →
From page 228... ... See also spec~cforms of cancer literature on, 177 prevention studies, 112-113 research recommendations, 86 risk factors, 55, 56, 64-67, 86 Cardiovascular disease, 42, 46, 62, 68, 86, 112-113 Catholicism/Catholics, 25, 28 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1, 14, 18, 140 lesbian research and programs, 142, 162-163 Office of Women's Health, 19 Cervical cancer, 66-67, 70, 73, 142 Chicago Women's Health Study, 102 Childhood sexual abuse, 58-59, 70, 77, 81 Children and adolescents coming-out process, 51-52 development of sexual identity, 50-51 heterosexual activity, 78 literature on, 170-173 raised in lesbian households, 53-54 sexuality studies, 149 suicide, 52, 110-111 228 Chlamydia, 70, 72-73, 78 Civil rights protection, 39 Clearinghouses on lesbian health, 163 Colon and rectal cancer, 64, 67 Coming out age and, 48-49 coping mechanisms, 51 cultural contexts of, 24, 49-50, 55 to family, 24, 49 fear of, 6, 44-45, 49 to health care providers, 6, 40, 44-45 lesbian academics, 138 process, 48-50, 51-52 Committee on Lesbian Health Research Priorities, 17, 18 Conferences on Health Survey Methods, 162 Confidentiality, 9, 13, 113, 128-129, 150 n.l2, 152-153, 161, 162 Confucianism, 24, 25 Contextual barriers to research, 135-136 career ramifications, 8, 136-138 funding to study lesbian health, 8, 9, 97, 137, 139-140, 153 mentors for lesbian researchers, 8, 138-139, 164 publishing and disseminating findings, 14-15, 140-144, 153, 161 strategies for overcoming, 14-15, 144, 163-164 training and education of researchers, 14-15, 163-164, 203-204 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, 62 n. l 0 Cultural competency of health care providers, 5, 41, 42-44, 157 D Death, causes of, 46, 47, 68 Definition of lesbian, 21-23 Committee, 4-5, 17, 25-33 Read the entire page →
From page 229... ... . dlscrlmlnahon Domestic partner benefits, 5, 37, 41 Duke University, 141 E East Asian cultural values, 24, 25 Eating disorders, 42 Education, and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 28 ENCOREplus programs, 142 Endometrial cancer, 67 Ethical issues, 150 confidentiality, 9, 113, 152-153 risks to research participants, 9, 151 Ethnographic research, 114 229 F Family, 24, 49, 63, 182-184 Fear of coming out, 23, 44-45 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 36 Foster parents, same-sex, 37, 53 G Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 19, 139, 143 n.6 Gay Urban Men Survey, 117, 122- 123 Gender roles, 24, 81 General Social Survey, 26 n.4 Genital warts, 78 Geographic distribution of dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 29 of lesbians, 119 Georgetown University, 141 Gonorrhea, 70, 72-73, 78 Gynecological care, 21, 42, 66-67, 112 113 H Health, definition, 17 n.1 Health care providers coming out to, 6, 44-45 cultural competency, 5, 41, 42-44, 157-158, 163-164 dissemination of lesbian health information to, 14-15, 163 homophobic attitudes, 5, 44 recognition of partners, 41 sexual history taking, 43-44, 45 Health insurance coverage, 41-42 Health-seeking behaviors, 43, 112- 113 Hepatitis, 78, 82 Herpes, 78 Read the entire page →
From page 230... ... See also Sampling strategies adding sexual orientation questions to existing studies, 12-13, 119, 126129, 159-160 control or comparison groups, 1, 7, 98-99, 139 Read the entire page →
From page 231... ... , 36, 41-42, 45, 57, 58, 63, 66, 69, 81-82, 108-109 National Opinion Research Center, 83 n.23, 148-149 National Research Council Committee on AIDS Research and Behavioral and Social Sciences, 99 n.l, 150 n.l2 Committee on Evaluating Genetic Diversity, 150 n. l 2 National Survey of Adolescent Males, 116 National Survey of Family Growth, 128, 160 Nurses Health Study II Pilot Study, 110 111, 114, 127, 160 Read the entire page →
From page 232... ... See Health care providers Public liaison group, 18 R Racial discrimination/racism, 61-62 232 Racial/ethnic minorities cancer risk, 64 coming out, 49-50, 55 and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 3-4, 29 perspectives of sexual orientation, 2325 research needs, 13, 117-118, 146, 156, 157, 160-161 studies of lesbians of, 13, 54-55, 70, 106-109, 129, 180-182 triple jeopardy, 61, 106-107 Religion. See also specific religions and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 28-29 influences on attitudes, 24, 25 Reproductive health, literature on, 200201 Research on lesbian health adolescents, 153 barriers, see Contextual barriers to research community-researcher collaboration 8, 145-148 conferences, 14, 162-163 ethical issues, 150-153 funding, 7, 11-12, 141, 144, 148150, 158 importance, 2-3, 20-21 informed consent, 153, 162 longitudinal, 99 methodologies, see Methodological . Read the entire page →
From page 233... ... , 80, 81, 98, 120, 125-126 multiple frames, 123-124 multiplicity or network, 124 nonprobability, 7, 80, 119-120, 125 126, 139 one-stage screening, 121-122 probability, 7, 13-14, 27, 33, 68, 81, 82, 98, 116, 117, 118-119, 121 124, 158-159, 161-162 selection bias, 119, 121-122, 126 snowball, 125 two-stage screening, 122 Sensitization, 48 Sexual behavior. See also Sexual practices and cervical cancer, 66 and definition of lesbian, 22, 26, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112 funding of research on, 8-9, 148- 149 history taking by providers, 43-44, 45 and illicit drug use, 83-84 literature on, 201 longitudinal studies, 7-8, 110-111 measures of, 30-31 and sexual identity, 32 Sexual desire/attraction, measures of, 30 n.7, 32, 103, 113 Sexual identity adolescents, 110-111 233 and alcohol use, 102- 103 appeal and sexual behavior by, 32 bisexual, 22 confusion, 77 definitional issues, 22, 26, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112 development of, 48, 50-51, 99 and discrimination, 106-107 and gynecological care, 112-113 and HIV risk behavior, 104- 107, 110-111 measures of, 27 n.7, 31 n.9, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112 and mental health, 102-103, 108-111 racial, ethnic, and cultural perspectives, 3-4, 23-25, 106-109 and reproductive system problems, 106-107 and sexual practices, 102-113 and STDs, 102-103, 110-111 and weight/dieting, 102-103 Sexual orientation age of awareness of, 50-51 children raised in lesbian households. Read the entire page →
From page 234... ... See also Alcohol use; Illicit drug use Suicide, 51-52, 69-70, 110-111, 202-203 Survey of Family Growth, 117 Syphilis, 70, 72-73 r Taoism, 24, 25 234 U University of North Carolina, 149 University of Washington, 78 University of Wisconsin, 141 U.S. Census of Population and Housing, 128 Uterine cancer, 64 V Violence against gay men and lesbians, 36, 42, 49, 59, 61, 70, 204-206 W Whitman Walker Clinic, Washington, D.C., 142 Women's Health Initiative, 55, 57, 112 113, 114, 127, 128, 139 Work, literature on, 206 Workshop agenda, 1-2, 18, 207-213 participants, 18, 215-222 written testimony, sources, 19, 223226 y Yale University, 142 Young Women's Christian Association, 142 Youth Risk Behavior Study, 160 Read the entire page →

From page 227...

... Index A Access to health care, 6 defined, 37 financial barriers, 5, 10, 37, 41-42, 157 focus of women's health services and, 45-46 literature on, 186-189 personal/cultural barriers, 5, 10-11, 37, 42-46, 157-158 research recommendations, 10-11, 87, 157-158 structural barriers, 10, 37, 40-41, 157 test of equality in, 37, 40 Adolescents. See Children and adolescents Adoption by same-sex parents, 37, 53 Adult lesbians, developmental issues, 5254 Affective disorders, 68-69 African Americans cultural values, 24 depressive distress in, 61 HIV seroprevalence, 76 Lesbian studies, 108-109 Age and awareness of sexual identity, 50 51 and cancer risk, 56 and coming out, 48-49 and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 28 and drinking behaviors, 80 Aging, 5, 173-174 Alcohol use, 56, 58, 64, 65, 68, 79-81, 102-103, 120 American Academy of Pediatrics, 44 n.4 American Community Survey, 160 American Medical Association, 44 n.4 American Psychiatric Association, 36, 44 n.4 American Psychological Association, 44 n.4 Division 44, 137 American Sociological Association, 138 Antigay hate crimes, 36, 38, 42 Anxiety disorders, 68, 81 Artificial insemination, 54, 76 Asian American lesbians and gay men, 24 227

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From page 228...

... See also spec~cforms of cancer literature on, 177 prevention studies, 112-113 research recommendations, 86 risk factors, 55, 56, 64-67, 86 Cardiovascular disease, 42, 46, 62, 68, 86, 112-113 Catholicism/Catholics, 25, 28 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1, 14, 18, 140 lesbian research and programs, 142, 162-163 Office of Women's Health, 19 Cervical cancer, 66-67, 70, 73, 142 Chicago Women's Health Study, 102 Childhood sexual abuse, 58-59, 70, 77, 81 Children and adolescents coming-out process, 51-52 development of sexual identity, 50-51 heterosexual activity, 78 literature on, 170-173 raised in lesbian households, 53-54 sexuality studies, 149 suicide, 52, 110-111 228 Chlamydia, 70, 72-73, 78 Civil rights protection, 39 Clearinghouses on lesbian health, 163 Colon and rectal cancer, 64, 67 Coming out age and, 48-49 coping mechanisms, 51 cultural contexts of, 24, 49-50, 55 to family, 24, 49 fear of, 6, 44-45, 49 to health care providers, 6, 40, 44-45 lesbian academics, 138 process, 48-50, 51-52 Committee on Lesbian Health Research Priorities, 17, 18 Conferences on Health Survey Methods, 162 Confidentiality, 9, 13, 113, 128-129, 150 n.l2, 152-153, 161, 162 Confucianism, 24, 25 Contextual barriers to research, 135-136 career ramifications, 8, 136-138 funding to study lesbian health, 8, 9, 97, 137, 139-140, 153 mentors for lesbian researchers, 8, 138-139, 164 publishing and disseminating findings, 14-15, 140-144, 153, 161 strategies for overcoming, 14-15, 144, 163-164 training and education of researchers, 14-15, 163-164, 203-204 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, 62 n. l 0 Cultural competency of health care providers, 5, 41, 42-44, 157 D Death, causes of, 46, 47, 68 Definition of lesbian, 21-23 Committee, 4-5, 17, 25-33

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From page 229...

... . dlscrlmlnahon Domestic partner benefits, 5, 37, 41 Duke University, 141 E East Asian cultural values, 24, 25 Eating disorders, 42 Education, and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 28 ENCOREplus programs, 142 Endometrial cancer, 67 Ethical issues, 150 confidentiality, 9, 113, 152-153 risks to research participants, 9, 151 Ethnographic research, 114 229 F Family, 24, 49, 63, 182-184 Fear of coming out, 23, 44-45 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 36 Foster parents, same-sex, 37, 53 G Gay and Lesbian Medical Association, 19, 139, 143 n.6 Gay Urban Men Survey, 117, 122- 123 Gender roles, 24, 81 General Social Survey, 26 n.4 Genital warts, 78 Geographic distribution of dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 29 of lesbians, 119 Georgetown University, 141 Gonorrhea, 70, 72-73, 78 Gynecological care, 21, 42, 66-67, 112 113 H Health, definition, 17 n.1 Health care providers coming out to, 6, 44-45 cultural competency, 5, 41, 42-44, 157-158, 163-164 dissemination of lesbian health information to, 14-15, 163 homophobic attitudes, 5, 44 recognition of partners, 41 sexual history taking, 43-44, 45 Health insurance coverage, 41-42 Health-seeking behaviors, 43, 112- 113 Hepatitis, 78, 82 Herpes, 78

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From page 230...

... See also Sampling strategies adding sexual orientation questions to existing studies, 12-13, 119, 126129, 159-160 control or comparison groups, 1, 7, 98-99, 139

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From page 231...

... , 36, 41-42, 45, 57, 58, 63, 66, 69, 81-82, 108-109 National Opinion Research Center, 83 n.23, 148-149 National Research Council Committee on AIDS Research and Behavioral and Social Sciences, 99 n.l, 150 n.l2 Committee on Evaluating Genetic Diversity, 150 n. l 2 National Survey of Adolescent Males, 116 National Survey of Family Growth, 128, 160 Nurses Health Study II Pilot Study, 110 111, 114, 127, 160

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From page 232...

... See Health care providers Public liaison group, 18 R Racial discrimination/racism, 61-62 232 Racial/ethnic minorities cancer risk, 64 coming out, 49-50, 55 and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 3-4, 29 perspectives of sexual orientation, 2325 research needs, 13, 117-118, 146, 156, 157, 160-161 studies of lesbians of, 13, 54-55, 70, 106-109, 129, 180-182 triple jeopardy, 61, 106-107 Religion. See also specific religions and dimensions of same-sex sexuality, 28-29 influences on attitudes, 24, 25 Reproductive health, literature on, 200201 Research on lesbian health adolescents, 153 barriers, see Contextual barriers to research community-researcher collaboration 8, 145-148 conferences, 14, 162-163 ethical issues, 150-153 funding, 7, 11-12, 141, 144, 148150, 158 importance, 2-3, 20-21 informed consent, 153, 162 longitudinal, 99 methodologies, see Methodological .

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From page 233...

... , 80, 81, 98, 120, 125-126 multiple frames, 123-124 multiplicity or network, 124 nonprobability, 7, 80, 119-120, 125 126, 139 one-stage screening, 121-122 probability, 7, 13-14, 27, 33, 68, 81, 82, 98, 116, 117, 118-119, 121 124, 158-159, 161-162 selection bias, 119, 121-122, 126 snowball, 125 two-stage screening, 122 Sensitization, 48 Sexual behavior. See also Sexual practices and cervical cancer, 66 and definition of lesbian, 22, 26, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112 funding of research on, 8-9, 148- 149 history taking by providers, 43-44, 45 and illicit drug use, 83-84 literature on, 201 longitudinal studies, 7-8, 110-111 measures of, 30-31 and sexual identity, 32 Sexual desire/attraction, measures of, 30 n.7, 32, 103, 113 Sexual identity adolescents, 110-111 233 and alcohol use, 102- 103 appeal and sexual behavior by, 32 bisexual, 22 confusion, 77 definitional issues, 22, 26, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112 development of, 48, 50-51, 99 and discrimination, 106-107 and gynecological care, 112-113 and HIV risk behavior, 104- 107, 110-111 measures of, 27 n.7, 31 n.9, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112 and mental health, 102-103, 108-111 racial, ethnic, and cultural perspectives, 3-4, 23-25, 106-109 and reproductive system problems, 106-107 and sexual practices, 102-113 and STDs, 102-103, 110-111 and weight/dieting, 102-103 Sexual orientation age of awareness of, 50-51 children raised in lesbian households.

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From page 234...

... See also Alcohol use; Illicit drug use Suicide, 51-52, 69-70, 110-111, 202-203 Survey of Family Growth, 117 Syphilis, 70, 72-73 r Taoism, 24, 25 234 U University of North Carolina, 149 University of Washington, 78 University of Wisconsin, 141 U.S. Census of Population and Housing, 128 Uterine cancer, 64 V Violence against gay men and lesbians, 36, 42, 49, 59, 61, 70, 204-206 W Whitman Walker Clinic, Washington, D.C., 142 Women's Health Initiative, 55, 57, 112 113, 114, 127, 128, 139 Work, literature on, 206 Workshop agenda, 1-2, 18, 207-213 participants, 18, 215-222 written testimony, sources, 19, 223226 y Yale University, 142 Young Women's Christian Association, 142 Youth Risk Behavior Study, 160

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Index Pages 227-234

Index
Pages 227-234