Configuration Management and Performance Verification of Explosives-Detection Systems (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
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These certification standards are based on classified FAA analyses of threats to aviation security and include parameters regarding the types and amounts of explosives to be detected, ac ceptable rates of detection and false alarms, and required baggage throughput rates.3 The certification test protocol requires that, for each manufacturer's model, a single explosives-detection unit be tested at the FAA William J Hughes Technical Center (FAA Technical Center)
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. As part of their role in maintaining aviation security, the FAA must be able to verify that EDSs are operating properly, which will involve defining performance requirements and establishing equipment testing protocols.
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In response to this request, the NRC appointed the Panel on Technical Regulation of Explosives-Detection Systems, under the auspices of the Committee on Commercial Aviation Security of the National Materials Advisory Board. The panel was charged with assessing options for configuration management and performance verification for the development and regulation of FAA-certified commercial EDSs and other equipment designed to detect explosives.
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the operational phase, which includes initial deployment and normal use and operation · the retirement phase, which includes the removal and disposal of a system In its regulatory capacity, the FAA participates in two of these five phases: the manufacturing phase, through the change control process for design changes; and the operational phase, through the change control process for equipment maintenance or upgrades and verification testing for maintenance of certification (see Figure ES-1~. Although the FAA has supported research on new concepts for explosives detection and the engineering of new explosives-detection technologies, in the regulatory l o determine the role of the FAA in the certification and deployment of EDSs, the panel found it convenient to identify five EDS life-cycle phases (see Figure ES-1~: Research phase Research Testing Proof of concept .
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CHANG E CONTROL PROCESS The change control process encompasses a proposal of a change to the design of explosives-detection equipment or to the configuration of an existing unit, agreement by all stakeholders on the change, implementation of the change, and verification of the impacts of the change. The keys to the successful implementation of a change control process, which must be included in an acceptable quality system, are the agreement of stakeholders on the classification of proposed changes; defined stakeholder involvement at each classification level; periodic audits of design and configuration changes and test results; and periodic testing of EDSs to determine that the combined effect of all design or configuration changes does not degrade EDS performance.
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For example if the three-tiered change classification process described above were adopted once the classification level of a change has been determined, either the change would be implemented (Class 2 and Class 3) or the other stakeholders would be notified of the proposed change and arrangements would be made to obtain stakeholder agreement on the specific design or configuration change and retesting plan (Class 1~.
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The FAA should require a wide variety of tests for maintaining EDS certification, including qualification testing and periodic verification testing of detection performance levels (using a secondary standard bag set) , frequent monitoring of critical system parameters (using test articles)
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Therefore, parameter values measured outside of accepted ranges should trigger testing the equipment with the secondary standard bag set in the field. DEVELOPMENT OF TEST OBJECTS The FAA has already developed a standard bag set that includes bags with explosives for certification testing (FAA, 1993~.
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The panel has labeled testing to determine the baseline performance of noncertified equipment "baseline testing" (see Table ES-1~. Certification testing could be used to establish the baseline performance for some types of explosives-detection equipment that does not meet all of the certification criteria (e.~., advanced radiography)
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The FAA's main role prior to certification testing is to develop certification test objects and test protocols and to demonstrate that they are under the control of an acceptable quality system (see Figure ES-4. The FAA must establish standards for performance of certified systems and develop and validate a secondary standard bag set and other test objects for testing at the manufacturer's site and in airports (see Figures ES-5 and ES-6.
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Participate in the development of performance standards, test protocols, and test objects for qualification testing. FAA Manufacturer User Participate in the development of operational configuration change process.
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1993. Management Plan for Ex plosives Detection System Certification Testing.
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