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From page 295... ... , 134-135 Artificially structured materials, 6-7, 15, 251-252 Astrophysical problems, 232 295 Atom scattering, 156 Atom/phonon interactions, 162 Atom/surface potential, 156 Atomic jump rates, 134-135, 143 mobility, 134-137 resolution defect imaging at, 141-142 experimental probes at, 13-14 Atoms on surface experimental techniques used in study of, 145 interactions of molecules and, 155-157 Attractors, 216-217 strange, see Strange attractors Auger spectroscopy, 130 B Backscattering studies, ion, 150-151 Band calculations, 101 Band-theory density-functional methods, 41 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, 165, 176 Bechgaard salts, 251 Bifurcation sequences, 227-228 Biological subcellular structures, 200 Read the entire page →
From page 296... ... , 267-268 Chevrel phases, 16, 180, 250 Classical liquids, 190-199 dynamical properties of, 193-198 static properties of, 191-193 Cluster approximation, 117 calculation, 143 Codimension-two bifurcations, 227 Coherent Raman spectroscopy, 260 Colloidal systems, 198-199, 200 Complexity, maximum, 226 Computer-enhanced shadowgraph images, 217, 218 Computers, 5 magnetism and, 110-112 need for, 24, 25-26 Condensed matter, 3; see also Condensed-matter physics at high pressure, 53-54, 55-56 laser spectroscopy of, see Laser spectroscopy Condensed-matter physics applications of discoveries in, 4 connections between subareas of, 5, 236-245 consequences of research in, 4-6 discoveries in, 6-14 emphasis in, 19 experimental techniques in, 246, 247 impact of new synthesis techniques on, 252-256 importance of, 3-6 needs of, in next decade, 19-35 number of papers by number of authors in, 20 ordered microcondensed-matter in, 57 purposes of research in, 3-4 research opportunities in next decade in, 14-18 � .< r .~. s~gn~ncance or, vail subareas and subfields of, vat subareas of, 38 Conductance, Hall, 7, 43-44 Conduction electrons, 52-53 Conductors ionic, 70 organic, 250-251 superionic, 70 Conservative systems, 230-231 nonlinear dynamics of, 225-226 Continuous-phase transition, 75-76 Contributors to this volume, 291-294 Convective-pattern evolution, 224 Cooling, nuclear magnetic, 186- 187 Cooperative recombination, 50 Copolymers, block, 212 Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) Read the entire page →
From page 297... ... , 24-25 Deuterium, spin-polarized, 173- 174 297 Diamagnetic materials, 95 Diamond cell, ultrahigh-pressure, 53-54 Dichalcogenides, transition-metal, 8, 249 250 Dielectric relaxation, 195 Diffusion Arrhenius plot for, 137 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 237, 242 surface, 138- 139 Dilute-solution state, 207 Dilution refrigerator, 186 Dimensionality reduced, 8 future prospects in, 125-126 in semiconductors, 118- 119 spatial, 79 of strange attractors, 222 Dipole interaction, 86-87 Dislocation glide, 139 motion in glasses, 140-141 Disorder, quenched, 91-92 Disordered ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, and paramagnets, 106-108 magnets, 105- 110 materials, 9- 10 systems, 47, 49-53, 70, 215 Displacive phase transitions, 72 Dissipative systems, instabilities in, 223 225 DOD (Department of Defense) , 24-25 Dynamic properties of systems, 83-84 random-access silicon memory chip, 114 techniques, 53 Dynamical systems analysis of experiments, 221-222 systems theory, 216, 217 of routes to turbulence, 219-220 E Elastomers, 209-210 Electron energy-loss spectroscopy, 152- 153 Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... , 30, 62, 272, 275 F F centers, 139 Faraday effect, 83 Femtosecond laser spectroscopy, 17-18, 262, 263 pulses, 73 Fermi temperature, 172, 187, 188 Fermions, heavy, 10 Ferroelectric liquid crystals, 203, 205 Ferromagnets disordered, 106-108 transition-metal, 100-103, 112 Feynman path integral methods, 136 Field ion microscope, 151, 152 Filamentary materials, 255 First-order phase transition, 92-93 Fixed valence, 10 Flow Couette, 228 fluid, chaotic, 221-222 patterns, evolution of, 223 properties of polymers, 208 turbulent, 218-219 Fluids inhomogeneous, 193 polyatomic, 204 quantum, see Quantum fluids Flux quantization, 51, 52 Four-wave mixing, 260 Fractal structures, 233 Fractional effective dimension, 108 Franz-Keldysh effect, 263 Free-electron lasers, 18 Frustration, property of, 109 Funding, need for, 26-27 G GaAs semiconductors, 116 Gas systems, adsorbed, 87-88 Gases, electron, 7 Gels, 209-210 Read the entire page →
From page 299... ... , 31 Instrumentation aging, 24 need for, 23-25 Insulators, magnetic, 95, 96, 97-100 Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) , 28-29, 277 Interfaces connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 238, 242, 244 experimental techniques used in study of, 145 between liquid and solid helium, 184 Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... , 28-29, 277 Laser spectroscopy of condensed matter, 258-264 directions for future research, 262-264 femtosecond, 262, 263 picosecond, 261-262 ultrafast, 261-262 Laser-induced Resorption, 157 phonons, 195 Lasers free-electron, 18 infrared, 63 semiconductors and, 254-255 surfaces and, 263 Layered compounds, 47-49 LCD, see Liquid-crystal displays LEED (low-energy electron diffraction) , 148, 161 Lennard-Jones pair potential, 192 triple-point viscosities, 197 Light scattering, 62-63 Line defects, 127 Liquid crystals, 199-203 ferroelectric, 203, 205 Iyotropic, 17 Liquid metals, 51 Liquid-crystal displays (LCD) Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... , 7 Metric entropy, 226 Microcondensed-matter science, 57 Microcracks and crazes, 213 Microfabrication, ion-beam, 131 - 132 Microscopes electron, see Electron microscopes/mi croscopy field ion, 151, 152 Minimum temperature, 185 Mixed or granular media, 53, 56 Mixed valence, 10 Mixed-valence behavior, 104- 105 Mixing, concept of, 226 MOCVD (metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition) , 7 Molecular dynamics (MD) Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... , 31, 285-286 NMR, see Nuclear magnetic resonance Noise in pattern selection, 228 quantum limits of, 182 Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMO) , 196- 197 superconductivity, 179 systems, 92, 231-232 Nonlinear dynamics, 216 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 237, 242, 245 of conservative systems, 225-226 excitations, 72 optical crystals, 264 optical spectroscopy, 259-260 stability theory, 222 numerical simulations and, 228-229 NSF (National Science Foundation) Read the entire page →
From page 303... ... , 261 Phase diagrams of hydrogen, 60-61 of solids, 60 generation, radiation, 129 microstructure, 129 transitions, 15-16; see also Critical point boiling, 77-78 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 239, 243, 245 continuous-phase, 75-76 displacive, 72 examples of, 77-78 first-order, 92 incommensurate, 71-72 instabilities and, 225 neutron scattering and, 280 synchrotron radiation and, 270-271 theory of, 11 Phason excitations, 71 Phonon dispersion curves, 61 surface, 153 focusing, 65, 66 transport, 64-65 research in, 73 transport coefficient, 64 winds, anisotropic, 65 Phonon/atom interactions, 162 Phonon-electron interactions' 65-69 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 240, 243, 245 neutron scattering and, 278-279 Phonons, 59 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 240, 243, 245 high-frequency, 64 laser-induced, 195 303 low-frequence transverse, 65 neutron scattering and, 278-279 Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 157 Photochemical processes, 139 Photodesorption, 139 Photoelectron spectroscopy, 275 Photoemission, 40-41, 148, 162 Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) , 261 Photon monochromators, 30 spectroscopy, 158 Photon-stimulated Resorption, 163 Physics condensed-matter, see Condensed-matter physics defect, 127- 128 liquid-state, see Liquid-state physics low-temperature, see Low-temperature physics Physisorbed adsorbates, 145, 146 Picosecond laser spectroscopy, 261-262 Plastic crystals, 70 Poincare maps, 221-222 Point defects, 127 in simple solids, 137- 138 Point-contact spectroscopy, 68 Point-defect mechanism, 89 Polariton, surface, 154 Polyacetylene, 9, 46, 72, 211-212 Polyatomic fluids, 204 Polymer crystals, 210-211 Polymers, 200, 206-214 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 240, 243, 245 electrical properties, 211-212 flow properties of, 208 neutron scattering and, 281 opportunities in, 213-214 properties of, 212 research problems with, 207-212 rheology of, 208 Polyvinylidene fluoride, 212 Potts model, 88 Powder profile analysis, 284 Power law, 80-81 Pressure, high, condensed matter at, 5354, 55-56 PRTs (participating research teams) Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... geometry, 271 Scaling law, 82 Scanning transmission electron microscopes, 1314 vacuum tunneling microscopes, 13 Schottky barriers, 124-125 Scientists, need for, 21-23 Screening, concept of, 207-208 Second-sound pulse, 171 Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) , 130 Self-avoiding walk problem, 207 Semiconductor growth techniques, 125 Semiconductor-insulator interfaces, 123124 Semiconductor-metal interfaces, 116-117, 124 Semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces, 123 Semiconductors, 6, 113-126 amorphous, 121-122 compound, optical properties of, 119121 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 236, 241, 244 defects in, 117-118; see also Defect entries future prospects in, 124-125 GaAs, 116 instabilities in, 232 lasers and, 254-255 reduced dimensionality in, 118-119 small structures for, 125-126 surfaces and interfaces of, 115-117 future prospects in, 122-124 Semidilute solutions, 207 SEXAFS (surface-extended x-ray absorption fine structure) Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... geometry, 271 Smectic A-to-nematic transition, 90-91, 94 phases, 90, 199 Soap solutions, 198-199 Solid-gas interface, 145 Solid-liquid interface, 145 Solid-state catalysts, 146-147 Solidification patterns, 232 Solids crystalline, 14-15 defects and diffusion in, 127-143; see also Defect entries interfaces of, see Interfaces optical breakdown in, 263-264 phase diagrams of, 60 reduced dimensionality of, 8 simple, point defects in, 137-138 structures and vibrational properties of, 58-74 surface of, see Surface entries theoretical calculations of properties of, 59-61 Solitons, 59, 72, 73-74, 127-128, 171 fractionally charged, 65 topological, 211 Solutions, 207-209 Space technology, connections between subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 241-243 Spallation sources, 62, 73 Spatial dimensionality, 79 Specific heat, 82 Spectral brightness, 267 Speech, connections between subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 236-240 Spin freezing, 108 glass, 108-109 Hamiltonians, 96 wave, 161 Spin-polarization analysis, 101, 102 Spin-polarized hydrogen and deuterium, 173-174 Spinodal decomposition, 92, 93 SQUIDS (superconducting quantum interference devices) , 182, 183 INDEX 305 SRC (Synchrotron Radiation Center) Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... . 9, 46 Texture, property of, 167 Textures in liquid crystals, 128 Thermodynamic equilibrium, 231 Thin metallic films, 252 Time complexity theory, 231 Time-resolved studies, 273-274 Topography, improvements in field of, 273 Topological solitons, 211 Transient optical spectroscopy, 260 Transition-metal chalcogenides/dichalcogenides, 8, 249250 ferromagnetism, 112 ferromagnets, 100-103 Translational invariance, 105- 106 Transmission electron microscopes, 13, 141 Transportation, connections between subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 241-243 TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane) Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... range, 270, 271 Valence fixed and mixed, 10 instability, 104 Van der Waals interactions, 156 Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) , 113 Vortex excitations in XY model, 99 Vortices as defects, 172 VUV (vacuum ultraviolet) Read the entire page →

From page 295...

... , 134-135 Artificially structured materials, 6-7, 15, 251-252 Astrophysical problems, 232 295 Atom scattering, 156 Atom/phonon interactions, 162 Atom/surface potential, 156 Atomic jump rates, 134-135, 143 mobility, 134-137 resolution defect imaging at, 141-142 experimental probes at, 13-14 Atoms on surface experimental techniques used in study of, 145 interactions of molecules and, 155-157 Attractors, 216-217 strange, see Strange attractors Auger spectroscopy, 130 B Backscattering studies, ion, 150-151 Band calculations, 101 Band-theory density-functional methods, 41 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, 165, 176 Bechgaard salts, 251 Bifurcation sequences, 227-228 Biological subcellular structures, 200

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From page 296...

... , 267-268 Chevrel phases, 16, 180, 250 Classical liquids, 190-199 dynamical properties of, 193-198 static properties of, 191-193 Cluster approximation, 117 calculation, 143 Codimension-two bifurcations, 227 Coherent Raman spectroscopy, 260 Colloidal systems, 198-199, 200 Complexity, maximum, 226 Computer-enhanced shadowgraph images, 217, 218 Computers, 5 magnetism and, 110-112 need for, 24, 25-26 Condensed matter, 3; see also Condensed-matter physics at high pressure, 53-54, 55-56 laser spectroscopy of, see Laser spectroscopy Condensed-matter physics applications of discoveries in, 4 connections between subareas of, 5, 236-245 consequences of research in, 4-6 discoveries in, 6-14 emphasis in, 19 experimental techniques in, 246, 247 impact of new synthesis techniques on, 252-256 importance of, 3-6 needs of, in next decade, 19-35 number of papers by number of authors in, 20 ordered microcondensed-matter in, 57 purposes of research in, 3-4 research opportunities in next decade in, 14-18 � .< r .~. s~gn~ncance or, vail subareas and subfields of, vat subareas of, 38 Conductance, Hall, 7, 43-44 Conduction electrons, 52-53 Conductors ionic, 70 organic, 250-251 superionic, 70 Conservative systems, 230-231 nonlinear dynamics of, 225-226 Continuous-phase transition, 75-76 Contributors to this volume, 291-294 Convective-pattern evolution, 224 Cooling, nuclear magnetic, 186- 187 Cooperative recombination, 50 Copolymers, block, 212 Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS)

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From page 297...

... , 24-25 Deuterium, spin-polarized, 173- 174 297 Diamagnetic materials, 95 Diamond cell, ultrahigh-pressure, 53-54 Dichalcogenides, transition-metal, 8, 249 250 Dielectric relaxation, 195 Diffusion Arrhenius plot for, 137 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 237, 242 surface, 138- 139 Dilute-solution state, 207 Dilution refrigerator, 186 Dimensionality reduced, 8 future prospects in, 125-126 in semiconductors, 118- 119 spatial, 79 of strange attractors, 222 Dipole interaction, 86-87 Dislocation glide, 139 motion in glasses, 140-141 Disorder, quenched, 91-92 Disordered ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, and paramagnets, 106-108 magnets, 105- 110 materials, 9- 10 systems, 47, 49-53, 70, 215 Displacive phase transitions, 72 Dissipative systems, instabilities in, 223 225 DOD (Department of Defense) , 24-25 Dynamic properties of systems, 83-84 random-access silicon memory chip, 114 techniques, 53 Dynamical systems analysis of experiments, 221-222 systems theory, 216, 217 of routes to turbulence, 219-220 E Elastomers, 209-210 Electron energy-loss spectroscopy, 152- 153

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From page 298...

... , 30, 62, 272, 275 F F centers, 139 Faraday effect, 83 Femtosecond laser spectroscopy, 17-18, 262, 263 pulses, 73 Fermi temperature, 172, 187, 188 Fermions, heavy, 10 Ferroelectric liquid crystals, 203, 205 Ferromagnets disordered, 106-108 transition-metal, 100-103, 112 Feynman path integral methods, 136 Field ion microscope, 151, 152 Filamentary materials, 255 First-order phase transition, 92-93 Fixed valence, 10 Flow Couette, 228 fluid, chaotic, 221-222 patterns, evolution of, 223 properties of polymers, 208 turbulent, 218-219 Fluids inhomogeneous, 193 polyatomic, 204 quantum, see Quantum fluids Flux quantization, 51, 52 Four-wave mixing, 260 Fractal structures, 233 Fractional effective dimension, 108 Franz-Keldysh effect, 263 Free-electron lasers, 18 Frustration, property of, 109 Funding, need for, 26-27 G GaAs semiconductors, 116 Gas systems, adsorbed, 87-88 Gases, electron, 7 Gels, 209-210

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From page 299...

... , 31 Instrumentation aging, 24 need for, 23-25 Insulators, magnetic, 95, 96, 97-100 Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) , 28-29, 277 Interfaces connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 238, 242, 244 experimental techniques used in study of, 145 between liquid and solid helium, 184

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From page 300...

... , 28-29, 277 Laser spectroscopy of condensed matter, 258-264 directions for future research, 262-264 femtosecond, 262, 263 picosecond, 261-262 ultrafast, 261-262 Laser-induced Resorption, 157 phonons, 195 Lasers free-electron, 18 infrared, 63 semiconductors and, 254-255 surfaces and, 263 Layered compounds, 47-49 LCD, see Liquid-crystal displays LEED (low-energy electron diffraction) , 148, 161 Lennard-Jones pair potential, 192 triple-point viscosities, 197 Light scattering, 62-63 Line defects, 127 Liquid crystals, 199-203 ferroelectric, 203, 205 Iyotropic, 17 Liquid metals, 51 Liquid-crystal displays (LCD)

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From page 301...

... , 7 Metric entropy, 226 Microcondensed-matter science, 57 Microcracks and crazes, 213 Microfabrication, ion-beam, 131 - 132 Microscopes electron, see Electron microscopes/mi croscopy field ion, 151, 152 Minimum temperature, 185 Mixed or granular media, 53, 56 Mixed valence, 10 Mixed-valence behavior, 104- 105 Mixing, concept of, 226 MOCVD (metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition) , 7 Molecular dynamics (MD)

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From page 302...

... , 31, 285-286 NMR, see Nuclear magnetic resonance Noise in pattern selection, 228 quantum limits of, 182 Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMO) , 196- 197 superconductivity, 179 systems, 92, 231-232 Nonlinear dynamics, 216 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 237, 242, 245 of conservative systems, 225-226 excitations, 72 optical crystals, 264 optical spectroscopy, 259-260 stability theory, 222 numerical simulations and, 228-229 NSF (National Science Foundation)

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From page 303...

... , 261 Phase diagrams of hydrogen, 60-61 of solids, 60 generation, radiation, 129 microstructure, 129 transitions, 15-16; see also Critical point boiling, 77-78 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 239, 243, 245 continuous-phase, 75-76 displacive, 72 examples of, 77-78 first-order, 92 incommensurate, 71-72 instabilities and, 225 neutron scattering and, 280 synchrotron radiation and, 270-271 theory of, 11 Phason excitations, 71 Phonon dispersion curves, 61 surface, 153 focusing, 65, 66 transport, 64-65 research in, 73 transport coefficient, 64 winds, anisotropic, 65 Phonon/atom interactions, 162 Phonon-electron interactions' 65-69 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 240, 243, 245 neutron scattering and, 278-279 Phonons, 59 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 240, 243, 245 high-frequency, 64 laser-induced, 195 303 low-frequence transverse, 65 neutron scattering and, 278-279 Photoacoustic spectroscopy, 157 Photochemical processes, 139 Photodesorption, 139 Photoelectron spectroscopy, 275 Photoemission, 40-41, 148, 162 Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) , 261 Photon monochromators, 30 spectroscopy, 158 Photon-stimulated Resorption, 163 Physics condensed-matter, see Condensed-matter physics defect, 127- 128 liquid-state, see Liquid-state physics low-temperature, see Low-temperature physics Physisorbed adsorbates, 145, 146 Picosecond laser spectroscopy, 261-262 Plastic crystals, 70 Poincare maps, 221-222 Point defects, 127 in simple solids, 137- 138 Point-contact spectroscopy, 68 Point-defect mechanism, 89 Polariton, surface, 154 Polyacetylene, 9, 46, 72, 211-212 Polyatomic fluids, 204 Polymer crystals, 210-211 Polymers, 200, 206-214 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 240, 243, 245 electrical properties, 211-212 flow properties of, 208 neutron scattering and, 281 opportunities in, 213-214 properties of, 212 research problems with, 207-212 rheology of, 208 Polyvinylidene fluoride, 212 Potts model, 88 Powder profile analysis, 284 Power law, 80-81 Pressure, high, condensed matter at, 5354, 55-56 PRTs (participating research teams)

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From page 304...

... geometry, 271 Scaling law, 82 Scanning transmission electron microscopes, 1314 vacuum tunneling microscopes, 13 Schottky barriers, 124-125 Scientists, need for, 21-23 Screening, concept of, 207-208 Second-sound pulse, 171 Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) , 130 Self-avoiding walk problem, 207 Semiconductor growth techniques, 125 Semiconductor-insulator interfaces, 123124 Semiconductor-metal interfaces, 116-117, 124 Semiconductor-semiconductor interfaces, 123 Semiconductors, 6, 113-126 amorphous, 121-122 compound, optical properties of, 119121 connections between other subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 236, 241, 244 defects in, 117-118; see also Defect entries future prospects in, 124-125 GaAs, 116 instabilities in, 232 lasers and, 254-255 reduced dimensionality in, 118-119 small structures for, 125-126 surfaces and interfaces of, 115-117 future prospects in, 122-124 Semidilute solutions, 207 SEXAFS (surface-extended x-ray absorption fine structure)

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From page 305...

... geometry, 271 Smectic A-to-nematic transition, 90-91, 94 phases, 90, 199 Soap solutions, 198-199 Solid-gas interface, 145 Solid-liquid interface, 145 Solid-state catalysts, 146-147 Solidification patterns, 232 Solids crystalline, 14-15 defects and diffusion in, 127-143; see also Defect entries interfaces of, see Interfaces optical breakdown in, 263-264 phase diagrams of, 60 reduced dimensionality of, 8 simple, point defects in, 137-138 structures and vibrational properties of, 58-74 surface of, see Surface entries theoretical calculations of properties of, 59-61 Solitons, 59, 72, 73-74, 127-128, 171 fractionally charged, 65 topological, 211 Solutions, 207-209 Space technology, connections between subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 241-243 Spallation sources, 62, 73 Spatial dimensionality, 79 Specific heat, 82 Spectral brightness, 267 Speech, connections between subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 236-240 Spin freezing, 108 glass, 108-109 Hamiltonians, 96 wave, 161 Spin-polarization analysis, 101, 102 Spin-polarized hydrogen and deuterium, 173-174 Spinodal decomposition, 92, 93 SQUIDS (superconducting quantum interference devices) , 182, 183 INDEX 305 SRC (Synchrotron Radiation Center)

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From page 306...

... . 9, 46 Texture, property of, 167 Textures in liquid crystals, 128 Thermodynamic equilibrium, 231 Thin metallic films, 252 Time complexity theory, 231 Time-resolved studies, 273-274 Topography, improvements in field of, 273 Topological solitons, 211 Transient optical spectroscopy, 260 Transition-metal chalcogenides/dichalcogenides, 8, 249250 ferromagnetism, 112 ferromagnets, 100-103 Translational invariance, 105- 106 Transmission electron microscopes, 13, 141 Transportation, connections between subareas of condensed-matter physics and, 241-243 TTF-TCNQ (tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane)

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From page 307...

... range, 270, 271 Valence fixed and mixed, 10 instability, 104 Van der Waals interactions, 156 Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) , 113 Vortex excitations in XY model, 99 Vortices as defects, 172 VUV (vacuum ultraviolet)

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Index Pages 295-308

Index
Pages 295-308