Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women (1998) / Chapter Skim
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4 Conclusions and Recommendations
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Pages 51-58
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From page 51... ...
and variations in specific exercise activities (different loading force during drop-knee push-ups) may contribute to the different site distribution of stress fractures in military women compared with men.
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From page 52... ...
This relationship between small muscle mass and increased bone fragility may account for the observed association between Tower calf circumference and stress fracture risk in women. Bone stress created by excessive or rapid incremental skeletal muscle contraction and loading forces can cause fractures at specific anatomic sites.
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From page 53... ...
Energy restriction adversely affects the normal hormonal status of military women.. Inadequate energy availability (a negative relationship between energy intake and activity level)
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From page 54... ...
In addition, data are too sparse to conclude that intense physical activity increases calcium requirements. The requirement for military women to meet periodic military weight standards and physical fitness tests may induce inappropriate eating habits and or sudden changes in exercise training regimens, which may adversely affect bone health.
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From page 55... ...
Reduced skeletal muscle mass has been associated with increased fatigability, whereas excessive skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased torque, contributing to fractures at specific anatomic sites. Moreover, except for rare instances where stress fractures result from an underlying metabolic bone disorder, there is currently no evidence that the risk of developing osteoporosis is increased In individuals who previously suffered a stress fracture.
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From page 56... ...
The military services should identify and modify activities that produce excessive skeletal muscle force on vulnerable bones; and establish (or modify) exercise habits in women that decrease selected stress fracture risks, similar to those programs and activities that have been proposed by the Naval Health Research Center (Almeida et al., 1997)
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From page 57... ...
4. The subcommittee recommends that the military services collect stress fracture incidence statistics by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and skeletal site, using a gender-independent, standardized definition and collecting data during a comparable time Dame Tom all military services during bow the basic-training and post training periods.
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From page 58... ...
6. Efforts should be made to investigate more fully the now-preliminary linkages between low skeletal muscle mass, particularly in women, and stress fracture risk.
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